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Introduction

When opportunistic fungi invade humans, particularly immuno-compromised individuals’ various fungal infections occur. Among them the Aspergillus fumigatus, the Aspergillus species are responsible for GIA (Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis). GIA is a serious condition but rare which affects the digestive tract. The infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus leads to necrosis, ulceration and in some cases perforation of the Gastrointestinal tract which results in life-threatening conditions.

In Ayurveda, GIA can be correlated with various conditions like microbial infection (Krimi Roga), digestive fire imbalance (Agni Vikriti), toxic accumulation due to indigestion (Ama Visha) and vitiation of blood (Rakta Dushti), etc.

These diseases also involve immune deficiency (Oja Kshaya), Pitta Kapha imbalance, etc. In this article, you will find the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and Ayurvedic treatment for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis like Panchakarma Procedures (internal purification of the body), Yoga procedures, Single Herbs, Diet and Lifestyle modification, etc. The treatment helps in balancing the vitiated conditions, which will certainly help to treat Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis.

What is Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

The rare and life-threatening fungal infection that is caused by Aspergillus species, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, which affects the gastrointestinal system is known as GIA (Gastrointestinal aspergillosis). This disease mainly affects individuals who are immunocompromised. Gastrointestinal aspergillosis is the least common form of invasive aspergillosis.

Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – As Per Ayurveda

Gastrointestinal aspergillosis is not explicitly mentioned in Ayurveda classics, but it can be co-relate with microbial infection (Krimi Roga), digestive fire imbalance (Agni Vikriti), toxic accumulation due to indigestion (Ama Visha) and vitiation of blood (Rakta Dushti), aggravated Pitta, etc which could contribute to various symptoms of Gastrointestinal aspergillosis like ulceration and inflammation of the GI tract.

Who Gets Affected by Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

The patients suffering from HIV, organ transplant recipients, and chemotherapy patients who are immunocompromised are mainly affected by GIA. Along with these people with low neutrophil count, patients with IBD or post-surgical complications, and patients with immunosuppressive therapy or prolonged corticosteroids are mostly affected by this rare condition.

How Common is Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

As per the survey, Gastrointestinal aspergillosis is a rare infection, with an estimated prevalence of less than 1% of the general population. Along with this, less than 1% of patients with HIV have GIA. Aspergillosis is associated with a 50 to 60% mortality rate.

Types of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

Mainly three types of Gastrointestinal aspergillosis

  1. Primary Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – When there is a direct fungal invasion of aspergillus on the gastrointestinal tract.
  2. Secondary Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – The infection spreads from systemic aspergillosis or pulmonary aspergillosis.
  3. Invasive Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – The aggressive form of GIA causing tissue necrosis and perforation.

Causes of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – As Per Ayurveda

  • Immunodeficiency (Ojo Kshaya): Due to poor nutrition, excessive stress, or due to various chronic illnesses body resistance is reduced which leads to Ojo Kshaya i.e. Immune deficiency.
  • Pitta kapha imbalance: When Pitta and Kapha imbalance then excessive heat (Ushma) and excessive mucus (Kledana) formation occur which creates an environment for various microbial growth (Krimi).
  • Blood vitae (Rakta Dushti): Microcirculation is affected by the toxin accumulation that leads to fungal growth.
  • Poor digestion (Mandagni): Weak digestion may lead to toxin formation (Ama Utpatti).

Causes of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

  • The main cause is the ingestion and inhalation of Aspergillus spores
  • Due to HIV, AIDS, organ transplants, etc. compromised immunity
  • Intestinal perforation
  • Intestinal trauma
  • Prolong use of steroids or antibiotics

Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – As Per Ayurveda

  • Abdominal pain (Udara Shoola) that is burning or colicky.
  • Indigestion (Ajirna) results in Bloating and loss of appetite.
  • Diarrhea (Atisara) has loose stool along with mucus or with blood. Bloody diarrhea (Rakta Atisara) indicates severe ulceration and pitta imbalance.
  • Weak digestion (Mandagni) results in poor absorption of nutrients.
  • Fever (Jwara) which is often associated with other symptoms (Lakshana)

Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis (Modern Aspect)

  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloating
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Blood stool
  • Weight loss
  • In severe cases intestinal perforation 

Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis – As Per Ayurveda

For diagnosis of Gastrointestinal aspergillosis, as per Ayurveda, Panchabhautika analysis of Vata, pitta, Kapha along with Mala Pariksha i.e. examination of stool with vitiated blood is done. The symptoms like digestive irregularities, weaknesses, fever, etc. should be observed. Immune status, exposure to moldy food, and dietary habits are also asked to make a proper diagnosis. 

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Ayurvedic Treatment for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

The Ayurvedic treatment for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis mainly focuses on strengthening the immunity (Oja), balancing the Dosha, improving digestion (Agni) by use of various Shodhana (purificatory), Shamana (palliative) therapy, dietary regulation (Pathya-Apathya), lifestyle modification, etc. 

We at IAFA Ayurveda provide effective purificatory and palliative therapies for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis Ayurvedic treatment. Dr. Gupta’s IAFA is the perfect destination for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis treatment in Ayurveda as well as other types of disorders. The Ayurvedic approach that is used to treat Gastrointestinal aspergillosis is as follows:-

Detoxification Therapy (Shodhana Therapy) for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

  • Purgation Therapy (Virechana) – Therapeutic purgation is done in patients of Gastrointestinal aspergillosis with the help of various herbs and formulations like Avipattikar Churna, and Triphala. Etc. It helps in eliminating toxin (Ama), and Pitta from the Gastrointestinal tract.
  • Medicated Enema Therapy (Basti) – In this process, medicated oil or decoctions are administered through the rectum. Both decoction enema (Niruha Basti) and oil enema (Anuvasana Basti) are given in Gastrointestinal aspergillosis patients which along with nourishing the gut lining helps to eliminate fungal toxins.
  • Bloodletting Therapy (Rakta Mokshana) – With the use of various techniques like leech therapy (Jalaukavacharana), the removal of impure blood is done from the body in bloodletting therapy which helps in cases of Rakta Dushti (Vitiated blood) due to fungal invasion.

Herbs for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

Herbs for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis Ayurvedic treatment includes Vidanga (Embelia ribes), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Daruharidra (Berberis aristata), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Gambhari (Gmelina arborea), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa), etc.

These herbs possess various active ingredients Vidanga has embelin which is a potent antifungal and anti-microbial agent, Neem consists of azadirachtin, nimbidin which is also known for anti-fungal properties, Daru Haridra consists of berberine which proves to combat Aspergillus species, etc. With the above-mentioned properties these herbs inhibit fungal growth, boost gut immunity, prevent toxin (Ama) accumulation, act as blood purifiers, and are even effective in fungal infections in which there is involvement of deep tissue.

Gem Therapy for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

Few stones are recommended to wear in Gastrointestinal aspergillosis as per Vedic Astrology. These stones can be worn after proper consultation with an astrologer as per your birth date, Zodiac sign, etc. to get only benefits.

As per astrology, Emerald (Panna), Red Coral (Moonga), Blue Sapphire (Neelam), and Yellow Sapphire (Pukhraja) can be worn as per your natal chart if you are suffering from Gastrointestinal aspergillosis. These stones help in strengthening digestive fire (Agni), detoxify the blood, improve immunity, reduce Pitta imbalance and prevent inflammation, etc.

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Diet and Lifestyle Guidance (Pathya-Apathya) for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

According to Ayurveda, if your diet is correct then medicine is of no use because a good gut is considered as the basis of a healthy individual. So, by giving attention to our daily diet, we not only get relief from the diseases from which we suffer but also avoid the upcoming diseases. Below we mention some dietary and lifestyle guidelines that one can follow for Psoriasis:-

What to Do (Pathya) in Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

  • Light (Laghu), warm (Ushana), and freshly cooked food which includes porridge of moong Dal, various vegetables, rice gruel (Kanji), etc should be taken.
  • Intake of medicated water, which is made by boiling Coriander, Cumin seed, Triphala, etc.
  • Intake of steamed and boiled vegetables like ridge gourd, bottle gourd, ash gourds, carrot, etc.
  • Digestive stimulants are necessary therefore take warm water, ginger tea, etc.
  • To reduce fungal growth, consume buttermilk (Takra) with Pippali and Haridra. 
  • For enhancing immunity and restoring strength Avaleha like Chayawanprash should be taken.
  • A protein rich diet for tissue repair like nuts, lentils, etc. should be taken.
  • Antifungal food should be included in the diet like garlic, turmeric, oregano, etc.
  • Maintain hygiene by washing vegetables and fruits before use, and storing the grains properly to avoid their contamination with fungus.
  • Above mentioned Yogasana, and pranayama should be done regularly to support digestion, boost immunity, and for stress management.
  • Avoid living in a damp environment and also avoid exposure to molds.

What to Avoid (Apathya) in Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

  • Avoid heavy meals (Guru Bhojana)
  • Avoid incompatible food (Virrudha Aahara)
  • Food that creates toxins (Ama) like deep-fried foods, junk food, and processed food should be avoided.
  • Excessive sweets (Ati-Madhura) and starchy food like bakery items, refined sugar, refined flour, excessive potatoes, sugary fruits, etc. should be avoided.
  • Mold-prone food like bread, pickles, and stored nuts should be avoided. 
  • Leftover food and packaged food have preservatives and may weaken immunity should be avoided. 
  • Avoid day sleeping
  • Undercooked food and raw food may have fungal contamination and should be avoided.

Yoga Asanas for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

Various Yoga Asanas like Cobra pose (Bhujangasana), Thunderbolt pose (Vajrasana), Wind relieving pose (Pawanmuktasana), Bow pose (Dhanurasana), Deep breathing technique (Pranayama) specifically Kapal Bhati, Meditation, etc. can be used to treat Gastrointestinal aspergillosis as these Asana are considered best for Gut health and immunity.

These Yogic Asanas improve digestion, remove toxins (Ama), improve metabolism, prevent bloating, improve circulation, boost oxygenation, enhance immunity, etc.

Yoga Asanas for Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis

Frequently Asked Questions

Question: What is the Ayurvedic Correlation of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

Answer: In Ayurveda it can be correlated with intestinal infection (Krimi Janya) and toxin-induced disorder (Ama Janya).

Question: What are the Best Herbs for Treating Fungal Infection and Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

Answer: Herbs like Vidanga, Neem, Daruharidra, Guduchi, etc are considered the best herbs to treat Gastrointestinal aspergillosis.

Question: Can Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis Be Prevented?

Answer: Yes, by avoiding mold (fungal) exposure, proper food storage, boosting immunity, and maintaining hygiene Gastrointestinal aspergillosis can be prevented.

Question: Which Diet Impacts Fungal Infections like Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis?

Answer: A high carbohydrate diet and a high sugar diet promote fungal growth. Therefore, to avoid fungal infection a probiotic-rich diet along with high fibers and low carbohydrates should be taken.

Question: Is Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis Life-Threatening?

Answer: Yes, if remains untreated, especially in immunocompromised patients it can be severe and life-threatening.

References

  • Bizet, J., Cooper, C.J., Zuckerman, M.J. et al. A bleeding colonic ulcer from invasive Aspergillus infection in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. J Med Case Reports 8, 407 (2014). 
  • Yelika SB, Tumati A, Denoya P. Intestinal Aspergillosis: Systematic Review on Patterns of Clinical Presentation and Management. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2021 Apr; 22 (3): 326- 333. doi: 10. 1089/ sur. 2020. 157. Epub 2020 Jul 30. PMID: 3275- 8013.
  • Eggimann P, Chevrolet JC, Starobinski M, Majno P, Totsch M, Chapuis B, Pittet D. Primary invasive aspergillosis of the digestive tract: report of two cases and review of the literature. Infection. 2006 Dec; 34 (6): 333- 8. doi: 10. 1007/ s15010- 006- 5660- 0. PMID: 17180588; PMCID: PMC- 2779002.
  • Ceylan, Bahadir & Yilmaz, Mesut & Bekoz, Hüseyin & Ramadan, Saime & Akan, Gülhan & Mert, Ali. (2019). Primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis: a case report and literature review. Le infezioni in medicine: rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinicae terapia delle patologie infettive. 27. 85- 92.
  • Ceylan B, Yilmaz M, Bekoz HS, Ramadan S, Ertan Akan G, Mert A. Primary gastrointestinal aspergillosis: a case report and literature review. Infez Med. 2019 Mar 01; 27 (1): 85- 92.
  • Abad A, Fernandez- Molina JV, Bikandi J, Ramirez A, Margareto J, Sendino J, Hernando FL, Pontón J, Garaizar J, Rementeria A. What makes Aspergillus fumigatus a successful pathogen? Genes and molecules involved in invasive aspergillosis. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2010 Oct-Dec; 27 (4): 155- 82.
  • Tan LF, Yap VL, Rajagopal M, Wiart C, Selvaraja M, Leong MY, Tan PL. Plant as an Alternative Source of Antifungals against Aspergillus Infections: A Review. Plants (Basel). 2022 Nov 8; 11 (22): 3009. Doi: 10. 3390/ plants- 11223009. PMID: 3643- 2738; PMCID: PMC- 9697- 101.
  • Shankar P, Vijay B, Pendse N, Rahman M, Nampoothiri V. Ayurveda management of pulmonary mycosis: an integrative approach: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2023 Feb 8; 17 (1): 48. Doi: 10. 1186/ s13256- 022- 03736- 6. PMID: 36755297; PMCID: PMC- 9906598.
  • Meng H, He F, Hong Lin X, Yan X, She X, Lu L, Yu X. Aspergillomas from Gastrointestinal Tract: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 18; 24 (1): 1445. doi: 10. 1186/ s12879- 024- 10278- 3. PMID: 39695931; PMCID: PMC- 11656564.
  • Karaman I, Karaman A, Boduroglu EC, Erdogan D, Tanır G. Invasive Aspergillus infection localized to the gastric wall: report of a case. Surg Today. 2013 Jun; 43 (6): 682- 4. doi: 10. 1007/ s00595- 012- 0255- 0. Epub 2012 Aug 3. PMID: 228- 64935; PMCID: PMC- 7101927.

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Dr. Gupta’s IAFA is a pioneering center in the Ayurvedic management of various diseases including Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis. IAFA ensures good results and relief to all suffering from the distressing effects of Gastrointestinal Aspergillosis.

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Dr. Sahil Gupta completed his Bachelor of Ayurveda in Medicine and Surgery (B.A.M.S.) and Master’s Degree in Health Administration (MHA) India. He is Registered Ayurvedic Doctor & Vaidya in India having Registration No. 23780. He is the CEO and founder of IAFA. After completing BAMS, Dr. Sahil Gupta started practicing Ayruveda by giving prime importance to allergic disorders management. He became the first Ayurvedic doctor to cure Food Allergies through Ayurveda. Read More About Dr. Sahil Gupta.

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