Avartani (Helicteres Isora)

Avartani, which is commonly known as the Indian screw tree, has excellent medicinal merits. Avartani botanically known as Helicteres isora belongs to the Sterculiaceae family.

Avartani – Less Known Herb for Diabetes and Diarrhea

Introduction

Avartani, which is commonly known as the Indian screw tree, has excellent medicinal merits. Avartani botanically known as Helicteres isora belongs to the Sterculiaceae family. In Ayurvedic classical literature less is mentioned about Avartani but in Nighnatu we get the medicinal properties and other information about the Avartani. Avartani is astringent in taste and cold in potency with light and oily properties. In Ayurvedic texts, its various uses are mentioned like for abdominal colic pain, diarrhea, intestinal parasite, dysentery, Diabetes, etc. In Iraq and South Africa, Helicteres isora is used to treat cancer, infection, diabetes, etc. “Yatra A krutihi Tatra Gunaaha Vasanti ” is a famous saying in Ayurvedic texts that means whenever any plant part resembles any organ of the body then that particular part of the plant is used to treat that organ. The Avartani plant fruit resembles the intestine, therefore Avartani is very famous for treating intestinal parasites. As the fruit of Avartani is twisted in shape therefore fruit of Avartani is used to treat twisting pain of the abdomen. Recent research revealed that Avartani has various active ingredients like gallic acid, vanillin, coumaric acid, cucurbitacin B, iso-cucurbitacin, etc due to which it exhibits various pharmacological properties like anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, anti- diabetic, anti- dysenteric, anti-cancer, etc. Traditionally the Mula Swarsa (root juice) of Avartani is very famous for treating snake bites. Along with this Avartani is a rich source of calcium, protein, phosphorus, fibers, carbohydrates, etc.

Basonym of Avartani

आवृतानि फलानि संत्यासया: |

Fruits of Avartani are resembling screws as they are twisted throughout.

Synonyms of Avartani

According to Morphology

आवृतफल – Fruit is twisted.

वाम आवृत – Fruit of Avartaki is winded towards the left.

मृग श्रृंगी – Fruit of Avartaki resembles the stag’s horn.

Other synonyms of Aavartini are Ranga Lata, Tindukini, Vibhandi.

Regional Names of Avartani

Screw Tree, Indian Screw tree, East Indian screw tree (English)
Marod Phali (Hindi)
Edamuri (Kannada)
Idampuri (Malayalam)
Marodphali, Kevani, Vartaki, Kewad, Dhamni, Murad Sheng (Marathi)
Atimora (Bengali)
Balamburi (Tamil)
Guvadhar (Telugu)
Murudsing (Gujrati)
Marod phali (Punjabi)
Maroor Phalli (Unani)
Kayyula (Payyanur)
Valamburri (Siddha)
Murmuriya (Oriya)
Kisht- Bar- Kisht (Persia)
Bahman- I – Pinch (Tehran)

Botanical Name

Helictres isora Linn.

The heli word means sun-loving, and teres means twisted. Isora is derived from Iso means equal.

Family

Sterculiaceae (Pisacakarpasa Kula)

Ayurveda Reference for Avartani (Helicteres isora Linn.)

Scientific Classification of Avartani

Kingdom	Plantae
Class	Dicotyledonae
Sub- Class	Polypetalae
Series	Thalamiflorae
Order	Parietales
Family	Sterculiaceae
Genus	Helicteres
Species	isora

Classification of Avartani – As Per Charaka and Sushruta

Charaka: Not mentioned in Mahakshaya

Sushruta: Not mentioned in Gana

Avartani’s Description in Brihtrayi as Avartaki

It is identified with Helictres isora, Marodphali or Cassia auriculata, Ahula, or Avala.

Ashtanga Hridya: A. H. Chi. 19/ 22

Avartani’s Description in Brihtrayi as Vriscikali (Controversy)

The commentators differ regarding the identity of this drug. This is bitter (Tiktarasa), pacifies Vata (Vata Shamsamana S. S. Su. 39. 7) and Tridosa nasaka, cleanses wounds (Vrana sodhaka), and is useful in worms (Krimi), skin diseases, poisoning, asthma ( Svasa), cough ( Kasa), Anaemias (Pandu), insanity ( Unmada) and epilepsy ( Apasmara) etc. Its roots are errhine (C. S. Vi. 8. 158). Three plant species are usually mentioned in connection with their identity. One of these has been described as a dextrose climber having leaves slightly hairy and like those of Patha in shape, spinous fruits looking like horns of sheep (Mesasringa), and clusters of white flowers. This is the description of Pergularia extensa popularly known as Utarana. Other alternative sources of Vrscikali appear to have been suggested by the popular names of Vrsciyaka and Viscikaparti. They may be Tragia involucrate or Girardenia heterophylla. The first one is a stout herb with a perennial stock, usually twining branches and scattered pungent hairs causing itching on contact. The second is a herbaceous plant covered with stinging hairs and found along the footpaths in the hills of the Himalayan region. Its young leaves are used as a pot herb by the local inhabitants and it is said to be used in Vata diseases. While continuing the use of Pergularia roots, the other two, especially Tragia, may be examined if they can be used as Vrscikali. It may be noted that Pergularia was previously suggested to be the source of Ajasringi as well. Ajasrigi is a climber and resembles more or less both Mesasrigi and Vrscikali in use. But unlike Mesasringi its roots have been used especially as a purgative (Virecaka) substance. Then again Pergularia, being a twiner with horn-like fruits, could also be named a variant and visinika. Cassia auriculata Linn., called Ahula and mentioned in the texts as Adarisimbi may be another possible source of Avartani and Visanika like Adarisimbi. All of these drug names can be placed under the Ajasringi group of drug names mentioned earlier under Mesasringi.

Charaka Samhita: C. S. Vi. 8/ 158, C. S. Chi. 9/ 53, C. S. Chi. 10/ 32, 43, C. S Chi. 13/ 108, C. S. Chi. 16/ 119

Sushruta Samhita: S. S. Su. 38/ 4, 16, S. S. Su. 39/ 7, S. S. Su. 42/ 18

Ashtanga Hridya: A. H. Su. 15/ 9, 28, A. H. Chi. 15/ 49, A. H. Chi. 16/ 37, A. H. U. 2/ 10, 76, A. H. 6/ 36, A. H. U. 22/ 34

Avartani’s Description in Brihtrayi as Visanika (Controversy)

As the name suggests it seems to be one of the Srigi varieties which have horn-like structures presented by some of its parts i.e., fruits or roots. This is one of the purgative drugs of the root group (Mulini Virecaka) of C. S. Su. 1. 77. It could have been identified with Ajasringi had it not been mentioned with it as a different drug in C. S. Chi. 30. 270. We may therefore accept it as another name for Avartini as Cakra (C. S. Su. 1. 77) has done. It may further be pointed out that Helicteres isora Linn. does not stand any chance to be its source as it has astringent roots.

Charaka Samhita: C. S. Su. 1/ 77, C. S. Chi. 10/ 40, C. S. Chi. 13/ 162, C. S. Chi. 30/ 270

Sushruta Samhita: S. S. Su. 39/ 4, S. S. Chi. 18/ 48, S. S. Chi. 31/ 5

Ashtanga Hridya: A. H. Su. 15/ 21, A. H. Chi. 15/ 105, A. H. U. 6/ 3, A. H. U. 22/ 69

Historical Background of Avartini

It is a plant that can grow up to 3m and possess red flowers. The fruit twin against each hence the name Avartini. Some identify Avartaki as mentioned in A. H. Chi. 19/ 22 with H. Isora. But it can be equated to Cassia auriculata only. It Appears Brihattrayi did not quote this herb. Two other varieties of H. isora H. tomentose and glabrescent are available as documented by P. V. Sharmaji.

External Morphology of Helicteres isora Linn.

Habit: Avartani is a shrub or small tree, with young shoots clothed with stellate hairs.
Leaves: Leaves of Avartani are bifarious, 7.5- 12.5 cm., oblong, obovate or roundish, cordate, suddenly or shortly acuminate, closely dotted or both surfaces with stellate hairs, more or less irregularly crenate-serrate; petioles of leaves of Avartani are 6- 9 mm. long. Stipules is subulate, 6 mm. long.
Inflorescence: Flowers of Avartani are 2.5- 3.8 mm. long, distinctly bilabiate, in axillary clusters of 2- 6 together. Pedicels of Avartani are very short, stellately tomentose, bracts small subulate, hairy. Calyx tubular, 2 mm. long, somewhat 2-lipped, stellately pubescent without, curved, laterally compressed, mouth wide, teeth triangular, unequal, closely reflexed Petals red at first, fading to lead color, very unequal, closely reflexed on the calyx, separate but with the claws closely hooked together. The stamina column fused with the gynophore, much exerted, suddenly deflexed, anthers 10, in a ring around the ovary. The ovary of the Avartani is conical, on a curved gynophore, 3.8 cm. long, style as long as the ovary, deflexed.
Fruit: Fruit of Avartani is follicles 5, beaked, 5- 6.3 cm. long, linear, twisted together into the form of a screw, stellately tomentose.
Seeds: Seeds of Avartani are numerous, angular, testa loose, and wrinkled.

Flowering and fruiting time

Rainy winter season.

Distribution of Helicteres isora

It is found throughout India, especially in central and western India. From Punjab to Bengal, Ceylon, Burma, Malaya, Australia, and West Indies.

The Useful Part of Avartani

Roots, bark, Fruits.

Important Phytoconstituent of Avartani

Fruits have alpha and beta amyrins, friedlin, lupeol, taraxerone, and lactic acid. The seed contains Diosgenin. Roots have cucurbitacin B and Iso- Cucurbitacin B.

Recent Research on Helicteres isora

Venkatesh, Sama & Reddy, G & Reddy, Bommineni & Mekala, Lakshman. (2019). ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF HELICTERES ISORA ROOT. The different extracts of the roots of Helicteres isora (Family-Sterculiaceae) were tested for anti-diabetic activity, by glucose tolerance test in normal rats and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Aqueous ethanol and butanol extracts had shown significant protection and lowered the blood glucose levels to normal in the glucose tolerance test. In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the maximum reduction in blood glucose was observed after 3h at a dose level of 250 mg/ kg of body weight. The percentage protections by aqueous ethanol and butanol extracts were 30 and 48% respectively. In the long-term treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, the degree of protection was determined by measuring blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and urea levels on 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10th days. Both extracts showed a significant anti-diabetic activity comparable with that of glibenclamide. The histopathological studies during the long-term treatment have shown to ameliorate the biochemical damages caused by alloxan. These results indicate that the Helicteres isora root possesses significant anti-diabetic activity.
Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & Murugesan, Arunachalam. (2009). Antidiabetic activity of Helicteres isora L. Bark extracts ostreptozotocin-induceded diabetic rats. 1. 379- 382. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin and or reduced insulin activity, which results in hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Though different types of oral hypoglycaemic agents are available along with insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies due to the side effects associated with these therapeutic agents. The bark of Helicteres isora Linn. has been used in the indigenous systems of medicine in India for the treatment of diabetes mellitus since time immemorial. The present investigation was undertaken to study the anti-diabetic effects of the aqueous bark extracts of Helicteres isora on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous bark extracts of Helicteres isora significantly reduced the high fasting glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After 2 weeks of treatment with the extracts, the glycemia level of 100 mg/ kg bark extract-treated diabetic rats dropped significantly from 370.0 ± 22.9 on day 2 to 121.8 ± 11.8 mg/dl (P < 0.001) on day 14 and from 336.6 ± 11.8 to 106.6 ± 2.9 mg/dl (P < 0.001) for 200 mg/ kg dose, corresponding to 67.1% and 68.4% reduction, respectively. Thus, the aqueous bark extracts of Helicteres isora possess anti-diabetic properties.
Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & Murugesan, A.G. & Pandian, M. (2006). Hypoglycaemic effect of Helicteres isora bark extract in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 107. 304- 7. 10. 1016/ j. jep. 2006. 05. 007. The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae) was investigated in normal, glucose load conditions and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora L. (100 and 200 mg/ kg/ p.o.) significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the blood glucose levels from 64.5- 48.5 and 67- 47 mg % 2h after oral administration of bark extract and also significantly lowered the blood glucose in STZ diabetic rats from 68- 105 and 66- 85.5 mg % 21 days after daily oral administration of the extract (P < 0.001). The results suggested that the aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora L. possesses a potential hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats.
Zareen, Nazia & Venkatesh, Sama & Bolleddu, Rajesh. (2019). Antidiabetic Effect of Helicteres isora Root in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. 6. 1067. The anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the butanolic extract of Helicteres isora root were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats along with its in vitro free radical scavenging activity. The butanolic extract was tested for its antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes at an oral dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg by acute and chronic dosing. Treatment with butanolic extract of H. isora roots at the dose of 125 and 250 mg/ kg caused a reduction of blood glucose by 29.49 and 32.23 % respectively, within 1 hour time after oral treatment. Chronic administration of the butanolic extract at a dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg significantly reduced the blood glucose level by 41.38 and 54.18 %, respectively on day 10. Whereas glibenclamide (5 mg/ kg) caused a significant reduction of 26.94 % in plasma glucose levels. Both butanolic extract at 250 mg/ kg and glibenclamide had significantly lowered triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. The decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels could be through its control of hyperglycemia. Besides, the butanolic extract was also tested for its antioxidant activity by using the diphenyl picryl hydroxyl radical assay method and it was found to effectively scavenge the free radical in vitro with an IC 50 of 26 µg/ ml. The total phenol content of butanolic extract was found to be 480 mg GAE/gm of the extract. Butanolic extract of H. isora root at a dose of 250 mg/kg caused significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and hence can be considered a potent anti-diabetic agent. The effective dose can be concluded as 250 mg/ kg.
Kumar, T & Mary, A & Christy, Violet & Seetharaman, Ramya & Malaiyandi, Malaisamy & Sivaraj, C & Pandian, Arjun & Raaman, Nanjian & Balasubramanian, Krishnamoorthi. (2012). Antioxidant and anticancer activity of Helicteres isora dried fruit solvent extracts. J. Acad. Indus. Res 1. Helicteres isora dried fruit solvent extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant and anticancer activity. Acetone fruit extract H. isora showed (96.44 %) strong antioxidant activity compared to hexane, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Acetone extract exhibited better cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) whereas; acetone and crude protein extracts showed activity against reactive oxygen species.
Suthar, Manish & Rathore, Garvendra & Pareek, Aditi. (2009). Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Helicteres isora (L.) Fruits. Indian Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 71. 695- 9. 10. 4103/ 0250-474X. 59557. The present investigations evaluated the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Helicteres isora (L.) fruits belonging to the family Sterculiaceae. The hot water extract of Helicteres isora fruits was prepared and screened for its in vitro antioxidant activity using 1, 1- diphenyl, 2-picryl hydroxyl assay, ss-carotene-linoleate model and microsomal lipid peroxidation or thiobarbituric acid reactive species assays and the IC (50) values were calculated. The antidiabetic effect was studied using the in vitro glucose uptake in the isolated rat hemidiaphragm model. The hot water extract of Helicteres isora showed maximum activity with IC (50) value 25.12 +/- 0.18 mug/ ml for 1, 1- diphenyl, 2- picryl hydroxyl assay method, and low activity with IC (50) value 740.64 +/- 4.76 mug/ ml for microsomal lipid peroxidation assay. In the ss-carotene-linoleate model, the extract showed 45.63% antioxidant activity. The extract produces a significant (P< 0.05) uptake of glucose by isolated rat hemidiaphragm but is less effective than that of the reference drug, metformin. The hot water extract of the fruit of Helicteres isora exhibited significant antioxidant activity and moderate antidiabetic activity and merits further investigation in animal models and isolation of its active constituents.
Pritam, Prem & jain, amita & Joshi, Neelu. (2014). A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Different Parts of Helicteres isora L. American Journal of Life Science Research. 2. 292. 10. 11648/ j. ajls. 20140205. 17. Helicteres isora L., commonly known as Indian Screw Tree is a highly valued medicinal plant in South- East Asia. The various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and other antioxidants that impart the medicinal properties in this plant, vary in their composition and concentration in different plant parts. In the present research, the total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and free radical scavenging activity (FRAP and DPPH assay) in fresh and dry sample extracts of leaf, bark, fruit, and root of H. isora L., prepared in four different solvents (distilled water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone) were studied, and their results compared using Pearson’s Correlation. The plant extracts were also subjected to RP-HPLC for detection and quantitation of naturally occurring phenolic compounds using six phenolic standards (Gallic acid, Vanillin, Catechol, Ferrulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and Caffeic acid). The highest total phenolic content (7.22 mg/g GAE) and FRAP value (64.98 mg/ g TE) were observed in an aqueous dry root extract. The acetone extract of fresh leaf (57.08 mg/ g of RE) was found richest in total flavonoids, while the methanolic extract of fresh fruit uniquely exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity as evidenced by the low IC50 value (34.37 mg/ ml) in DPPH assay. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed that Catechol and Gallic acid was the most abundantly found phenolic compounds in extracts of H. isora L. The total phenolic content showed a strong positive correlation with free radical scavenging activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) in both fresh and dry plant parts, suggesting that phenols are the main compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity. The root of H. isora L. was found rich in phenolics and antioxidant capacity indicating its strong potential for medicinal use, followed by fruit, leaf, and bark.
Manke, Mahesh & Dhawale, Shashikant & Patil, Dasrao & Pekamwar, Sanjay & Jamkhande, Prasad. (2015). In-vitro Anthelmintic and Antioxidant Activity of Helicteres isora Linn. Fruit Extracts. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature. 5. 10. 1080/ 22311866. 2014. 961101. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Helicteres isora fruits were determined by the evaluation of time for paralysis and death (min.) against Indian earthworms Pheretima Posthuma. Various concentrations of extracts were tested in the bioassay (10, 20, and 50 mg/ ml). Albendazole at a concentration of 20 mg/ml was included as a standard reference while normal saline (0.9 % NaCl) solution as a control. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals scavenging assays. Both methanol and petroleum ether extracts showed dose-dependent anthelmintic activity. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was obtained with the methanol extract (IC50 42.95 µg/ ml), while petroleum ether extract showed less free radical scavenging activity (IC50 89.81 μg/ml) as compared to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 23.75 µg/ ml). Hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts was shown in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 36.61 µg/ ml and 74.40 µg/ ml respectively, while the IC50 value for ascorbic acid was 9.64 micro-Gram/ ml. Methanol extracts showed more potent anthelmintic and antioxidant activity than petroleum ether extracts.
Mahajan, Renuka & Itankar, Prakash. (2020). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Wound Healing Potential of Helicteres isora Linn. Leaf Extracts. Digital Chinese Medicine. 3. 188- 198. 10. 1016/ j. domed. 2020. 09. 005. Objective To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing potential of Helicteres isora Linn. leaf extracts. Methods: The petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves were screened for phytochemicals. The 1, 1- diphenyl- 2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging tests, and reducing power assays were performed to measure antioxidant activity; disc diffusion methods were used to evaluate antimicrobial potential. Wound healing activity was evaluated by incision and excision wound rat models. Results: The extracts contained mainly sterols and flavonoids. The hydroalcoholic extract showed remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and significant (P < 0.05) wound healing activity. Conclusions: The identified activities of the hydroalcoholic extract may be attributable to its constituent phytochemicals.
Ganesan, Kumar & Murugesan, A. G. (2008). Hypolipidemic activity of Helicteres isora L. bark extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 116. 161- 6. 10. 1016/ j. jep. 2007. 11. 020. In this study, the hypolipidaemic effect of an aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic rats. Administration of the bark extract of Helicteres isora (100 and 200 mg/ kgb. w.) for 21 days resulted in a significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids, and triglycerides in STZ diabetic rats. In addition to that, a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) whereas a significant increase (p< 0.05) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were observed in STZ diabetic rats, which were normalized after 21 days of bark extract treatment. The bark is extracted at a dose of 200 mg/ kg b. w. showed a much more significant hypo-lipidaemic effect than at the dose of 100 mg/ kg. b.w.
Khan, Iftikhar & Varkey, Thomas & Akram, Muhammad & Munir, Naveed & Riaz, Muhammad & Merhavy, Zachary. (2023). Evaluation of In Vivo Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Prescribed for the Management of Diarrhea. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 4. 10. 21608/ AUJES. 2023. 182911. 1112. This study explores the anti-diarrheal activities of aqueous-ethanolic extract of selected medicinal plants collected from Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Different doses of the hydro-ethanolic extract of this Punica granatum, Aegle marmelos, Myrtus communis, and Helicteres isora as 250, 500, and 1000 mg/ kg body weight (b.w.) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrhea in standardized animal specimens of albino rats (n = 5 in each group). Loperamide as a standard drug (control group, n= 5) and atropine (control group, n= 5) were utilized to evaluate the frequency of diarrheal feces and to check the intestinal transit by charcoal meal, respectively, while normal saline was used as a negative control group (n= 5). Anti-diarrheal activities of hydro-ethanolic extracts at different doses were compared to standard drug and negative control groups. Results revealed that extracts of the selected plants at different doses induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the number of diarrheal feces and this reduction was increased with increasing the dosage. This demonstrated that aqueous ethanolic extracts of the studied plants were able to increase the percentage inhibition of the charcoal meal movement and at high concentrations (1000 mg/ kg b.w.), it significantly decreased the intestinal transit as compared with standard drug (atropine). From these results, it can be concluded that the selected traditional plants can have a significant antidiarrheal effect, but more research is recommended to explore the phytochemical constituents responsible for these anti-diarrheal activities.
Venkatesh, S. & Sailaxmi, K. & Reddy, Bommineni & Mullangi, Ramesh. (2007). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Helicteres isora root. Indian Drugs. 44. 295- 299. The various organic extracts of Helicteres isora Linn (Sterculiaceae) root were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema and for analgesic effect using a hot plate test. The chloroform extract of Helicteres isora administered orally at doses of 250 mg/kg had a significant anti-inflammatory activity with a 35.48 % reduction of paw edema, compared to the control. An increase in hot plate latency time was also observed in animals receiving aqueous ethanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform extracts at an oral dose of 250 mg/ kg when placed on a hot plate. Furthermore, the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone blocked the analgesic effects of the extracts in the hot plate test, suggesting that the observed analgesic effect probably involves the participation of the opioid system. These results suggest that the Helicteres isora root extracts possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Venkatesh, S. & Sailaxmi, K & Reddy, BMadhava & Ramesh, Mullangi. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of Helicteres isora root. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 69. 10. 4103/ 0250- 474X. 38479. The aqueous ethanol extract of Helicteres isora root was partitioned using various solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. Of the 10 tested microbial strains, all fractions exhibited antimicrobial activity against 9 microbial strains at concentrations of 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/ ml. Among tested organisms, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were the most sensitive and Salmonella typhimurium was the most resistant. Butanol extract was found to possess the most potent antimicrobial activity.
Priyanka, L & Kekuda, Prashith & K.J, Chaithra & Hl, Raghavendra & S, Akshatha & A, Priyanka. (2015). ANTIMICROBIAL AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF LEAF AND FRUIT OF HELICTERES ISORA L. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. 4. 1793- 1803. Medicinal plants are integral components of traditional medicine in various parts of the world. Helicteres isora L. (family Sterculiaceae) is widespread in distribution and is claimed to have many traditional uses. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial and free radical scavenging efficacy of leaf and fruit extract of H. isora. Antibacterial activity was tested by Agar well diffusion assay. The poisoned food technique was performed to assess antifungal assay. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was performed to investigate the radical scavenging efficacy of extracts. All test bacteria were susceptible to both extracts. Fruit extract inhibited most of the bacteria to a higher extent. Among fungi, Bipolaris sorokiniana was highly susceptible to extracts followed by Curvularia sp and others. Both extracts scavenged DPPH radicals dose-dependently. Fruit extract was more efficient in scavenging DPPH radicals when compared to leaf extract. The plant H. isora is a promising source of antimicrobial and radical scavenging agents.
Khan, Iftikhar & Varkey, Thomas & Akram, Muhammad & Munir, Naveed & Riaz, Muhammad & Merhavy, Zachary. (2023). Evaluation of In Vivo Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Prescribed for the Management of Diarrhea. 4. 34- 46. This study explores the anti-diarrheal activities of aqueous-ethanolic extract of selected medicinal plants collected from Rawalakot Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Different doses of the hydro-ethanolic extract of this Punica granatum, Aegle marmelos, Myrtus communis, and Helicteres isora as 250, 500, and 1000 mg/ kg body weight (b.w.) were tested for antidiarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrhea in standardized animal specimens of albino rats (n = 5 in each group). Loperamide as a standard drug (control group, n= 5) and atropine (control group, n= 5) were utilized to evaluate the frequency of diarrheal feces and to check the intestinal transit by charcoal meal, respectively, while normal saline was used as a negative control group (n= 5). Anti-diarrheal activities of hydro-ethanolic extracts at different doses were compared to standard drug and negative control groups. Results revealed that extracts of the selected plants at different doses induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the number of diarrheal feces and this reduction was increased with increasing the dosage. This demonstrated that aqueous ethanolic extracts of the studied plants were able to increase the percentage inhibition of the charcoal meal movement and at high concentrations (1000 mg/ kg b.w.), it significantly decreased the intestinal transit as compared with standard drug (atropine).
Pohocha, Nazneen & Grampurohit, Nirmala. (2001). Antispasmodic activity of the fruits of Helicteres isora Linn. Phytotherapy research: PTR. 15. 49- 52. 10. 1002/ 1099- 1573 (200102) 15: 1< 49:: AID-PTR729> 3.0. CO; 2- E. Fruits of Helicteres isora Linn., commonly called Murudsheng in India, are usually prescribed in the Indian traditional systems of medicine, especially in Ayurveda, for a variety of intestinal complaints. The antispasmodic activity was checked in vitro on guinea-pig ileum against three spasmogens, acetylcholine, histamine, and barium chloride. The IC (50) for each was determined. The activity was compared with standard antispasmodic agents, atropine, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The activity was also studied in vivo by observing the gastrointestinal motility in mice using the marker technique and the ED (50) was calculated. Acute toxicity studies were conducted on mice using the method of Weil and the LD (50) was determined. The results indicated that the fruits possess very good antispasmodic activity.
Rattanamaneerusmee, Acharaporn & Thirapanmethee, Krit & Nakamura, Yasushi & Bongcheewin, Bhanubong & Chomnawang, Mullika. (2018). Chemopreventive and biological activities of Helicteres isora L. fruit extracts. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 13. 484. 10. 4103/ 1735-5362. 245960. Helicteres isora L. (H. isora) has been used in traditional medicine in Asia. This study aimed to determine the biological activities of H. isora fruit extracts. The chemopreventive effect was examined by cell proliferation assay and differentiation-inducing effect. The anti-inflammatory activity of extracts was studied on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE- 2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2). Cell proliferation assay revealed that H. isora extracts and its major compound, rosmarinic acid, showed no cytotoxicity in THP-1 and RCM-1 cells. Methylthio acetic acid from Cucumis melo was used as a positive control and 80% ethanol extracts demonstrated significant cell differentiation induction. Hexane extract of H. isora could lower the levels of TNF- α, PGE- 2, and NO in THP- 1 cell with 51.61 ± 0.79%, 69.68 ± 0.017%, and 69.93 ± 9.41% inhibition, respectively. The highest inhibitory effect on COX-2 was obtained from dichloromethane extract. Dexamethasone inhibited the secretion of TNF- α with 95.82 ± 0.50% while celecoxib showed an inhibitory effect on COX-2 and PGE-2 with 100 % and 99.86 %, respectively. The ethanol extract showed the best antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP assays at IC50 of 5.43 ± 1.01 μg/ mL and 22.83 ± 0.13 mmol FeSO4/ g sample, respectively, while the positive control, trolox, showed the antioxidant activity with IC50 and FRAP values at 4.08 ± 0.85 μg/mL and 10.84 ± 0.04 mmol FeSO4/g sample, respectively. Taken together, H. isora possesses chemopreventive and antioxidant activity. Further studies on the in vivo activities of this plant are suggested.
Venkatesh, Sama & Laxmi K, Sai & Reddy, Bommineni & Ramesh, M. (2007). Antinociceptive activity of Helicteres isora. Fitoterapia. 78. 146- 8. 10. 1016/ j. fitote. 2006. 09. 024. Helicteres isora root extracts were studied for antinociceptive activity on acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous ethanol extracts have shown significant activity.
Venkatesh, Sama & Reddy, Bommineni & Reddy, G & Mullangi, Ramesh & Mekala, Lakshman. (2010). Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Helicteres isora roots in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: A possible mechanism of action. Journal of natural medicines. 64. 295- 304. 10. 1007/ s11418- 010- 0406- 9. The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Helicteres isora Linn. (Sterculiaceae) root extracts were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and a possible mechanism of the blood glucose lowering action was studied. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats experienced 69.13 and 51.14 %, 22.60 and 21.89 %, 30.12 and 19.96 %, and 50.05 and 34.29 % reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea levels following oral administration of butanol and aqueous ethanol extracts of H. isora root, respectively, at 250 mg/ kg for 10 days. The beneficial effects of these extracts were supported by evidence from histological examinations of the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Following the treatment with both extracts, the degenerative changes caused by alloxan in pancreatic cells were restored, particularly with the butanol extract. Histological examination convincingly showed the restoration of pancreatic islets, kidney glomeruli, and liver to its normal size. These results suggest that H. isora roots possess antidiabetic principles and can be useful for the treatment of diabetes.
Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & Murugesan, Arunachalam. (2008). Effect of Helicteres isora bark extracts on heart antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Journal of Applied Biomedicine. 6. 89- 95. 10. 32725/ jab. 2008. 012. The present study investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae) bark on oxidative stress in the heart of rats during diabetes. The aqueous extract of Helicteres isora bark (100 mg, 200 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) was screened for its antioxidant effect in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. An appreciable decrease in peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD), and hydroperoxides (HP) was observed in the heart tissues of Helicteres isora (HI) treated diabetic rats. The decreased activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione- S- transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) in diabetic rats were brought back to near normal range upon HI treatment. Tolbutamide was used as the standard reference drug. These results suggest that HI possesses promising antioxidative activity in STZ diabetic rats.
Shriram, Varsha & Jahagirdar, Sheetal & Latha, C. & Kumar, Vinay & Dhakephalkar, Prashant & Rojatkar, Supada & Shitole, Mahadeo. (2010). Antibacterial & anti-plasmid activities of Helicteres isora L. The Indian Journal of medical research. 132. 94- 9. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is a serious health problem and a major challenge to global drug discovery programs. Most of the genetic determinants that confer resistance to antibiotics are located on R-plasmids in bacteria. The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the ability of organic extract of the fruits of Helicteres isora to cure R-plasmids from certain clinical isolates. Active fractions demonstrating antibacterial and anti-plasmid activities were isolated from the acetone extracts of shade-dried fruits of H. isora by bioassay-guided fractionation. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics and organic extracts was determined by the agar dilution method. Plasmid curing activity of organic fractions was determined by evaluating the ability of bacterial colonies (pre-treated with organic fraction for 18 h) to grow in the presence of antibiotics. The physical loss of plasmid DNA in the cured derivatives was further confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The active fraction did not inhibit the growth of either the clinical isolates or the strains harboring reference plasmids even at a concentration of 400 microg/ml. However, the same fraction could cure plasmids from Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and E. coli (RP4) at curing efficiencies of 14, 26, 22, and 2 percent respectively. The active fraction mediated plasmid curing resulted in the subsequent loss of antibiotic resistance encoded in the plasmids as revealed by the antibiotic resistance profile of cured strains. The physical loss of plasmid was also confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The active fraction of acetone extract of H. isora fruits cured R-plasmids from Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical isolates as well as reference strains. Such plasmid loss reversed the multiple antibiotic resistance in cured derivatives making them sensitive to low concentrations of antibiotics. Acetone fractions of H. isora may be a source to develop anti-plasmid agents of natural origin to contain the development and spread of plasmid-borne multiple antibiotic resistance.

Rasa Panchaka of Avartani

Rasa (Taste)	Kashaya (Astringent)
Guna (Virtue)	Snigdha (Oily), Laghu (Light)
Virya (Potency)	Sheeta (Cold Potency)
Vipaka (Post-digestion)	Katu (Pungent)

Dosha Karma of Avartani

Kapha Pitta Shamaka

Pitta Shamaka due to its Sheeta Virya and Kashaya Rasa. Kapha Shamaka because of its Katu Vipaka and Kashaya Rasa.

Karma (Actions) of Avartani

Stambhana, Shula Prashmana, Krimighana, Rakta Rodhaka, Mutra Sangrahniya, Prameha Hara.

Prayogarha Vyadhi (Therapeutic Indication) of Avartani

Abhyantara: Atisara, Pravahika, Rakta Atisara, Udara Shula, Antra Vikara, Krimi Roga, Rakta Strava, Prameha, Tridosha Janya Vikara.

Bahya: Vrana, Rakta Strava

Aamyik Paryog (Therapeutic Uses) of Avartani

Atisara (Diarrhoea): Decoction prepared from the dried fruit of the Avartani is very useful in all kinds of Atisara.

Parmeha (Diabetes insipidus): Root bark decoction of Avartani is beneficial in Parmeha.

Benefits of Avartani

The root-bark of Avartani is used in intestinal disorders in doses of five to 30 grams, the decoction or its juice is useful in diabetes, and in emphysema.
The pods are demulcent and mildly astringent; they are given for intestinal disorders.
Pods are mixed with castor oil and they are used in ear complaints.
The bark is used for diarrhea and dysentery.
The roots and bark are expectorant, demulcent, astringent to the bowels, and anti-galactagogue, they lessen griping and a cure for scabies when applied topically.
The juice of the roots is considered to have a beneficial effect on empyema and stomach affections. It is used in diabetes and is also an antidote snake bite.
The fruits are made into a liniment for sores of the ear, and they are administered internally for colic. They are demulcent, mildly astringent, and useful in the gripping of bowels and flatulence of children.
The flowers are useful in eye and urinary anomalies.
Udarshoola – The Phala and Mula powder with water is beneficial in Udar Shula.
Prameha – The Tvak Kvatha is also useful in diabetes.
Kandu – The fruit paste (Phala Lepa) is applied over the skin area of Kandu).

Matra (Therapeutic Administration and Dosage) of Avartani

Phal Churna (Fruit powder): 1-3 grams
Twaka Kwatha (decoction): 50- 100 ml

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Classical Reference of Avartani

Priya Nighantu, Sharadi Varga, 44

Synonyms

आवर्तितफलकान्ता परुषक सदृशी नता विटपकान्ता |

आवर्तनीतिविदिता सुलभेयं प्रायशो लोके ||

Priya Nighantu, Sharadi Varga, 45

Properties and actions

तुवरा रसे च शीतात्वतिसार निवारणी भिषकशस्ता |

पित्तेकफे सशूलेक्रिमिरोगे रक्तपित्ते च |

Nighantu Ratnakara

आवर्तनी कषायाच शीतलान्यतीसारहा |

त्रिदोषो उदर शूलहन्त्री कृमि जाल विनाशिनी ||

Dravyaguna Vigyana, Page 381

आवर्त्तनीकी कषायाति स्तम्भनी तिक्त शीतला |

रक्तपित्ता अतिसारघ्नीकृमि कुष्ठविनाशनी ||

Raja Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, 134, 135

आवर्तकी तिन्दुकिनी विभाण्डी विषाणिका रङ्गलता मनोज्ञा |

सा रक्तपुष्पी महदादिजाली सा पीतकीलाऽपि च चर्मरङ्गा ||

वामावर्ता च सम्प्रोक्ता भूसङ्ख्या शशिसंयुता |

आवर्तकी कषायाम्ला शीतला पित्तहारिणी ||

Dravyaguna Vigyana, Dwitya Tritiya Bhaga, 383

आवर्तकी स्निग्धशीता कषाया अतिसारनुत्‌ |

त्रिदोषो उदर शूलास्त्र कृमि रोग विनाशिनी |

Nighantu Adarsha, Purvardha, 188

आवर्त्तनी

आवर्त्तनी कषाया च शीतलाह्वातिसारहा |

त्रिदोषोदरशूलघ्नी कृमि जाल विनाशिनी ||

Ashtanga Hridya Chikitsa Sthana. 19/ 22

आवर्तकीतुलां द्रोणे पचेदष्टांशशेषितम्|

तन्मूलैस्तत्र निर्यूहे घृतप्रस्थं विपाचयेत्||

पीत्वा तदेकदिवसान्तरितं सुजीर्णे

भुञ्जीत कोद्रवमसंस्कृतकाञ्जिकेन|

कुष्ठं किलासमपचीं च विजेतुमिच्छन्

इच्छन् प्रजां च विपुलां ग्रहणं स्मृतिं च ||

Specific Formulation of Avartani

Avartani Churna

Contraindication and Side Effects of Avartani

Avoid the use of Avartani during pregnancy and breastfeeding as enough research is not present regarding Avartani. Below mentioned the toxicity study of Avartani:-

Toxicity Study – Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & A.G, Murugesan & Pandian, M. (2007). Preliminary Toxicity and Phytochemical Studies of Aqueous Bark Extract of Helicteres isora L. International Journal of Pharmacology. 3. 10. 3923/ ijp. 2007. 96. 100. The present study was designed to determine the preliminary oral toxicity profile of the aqueous extract of bark of Helicteres isora L. (HIL) in rats and its active chemical constituents by way of phytochemistry. The acute oral toxicity study was conducted using a limit dose test of the up and down procedure according to the OECD/ OCDE Test Guidelines on Acute Oral Toxicity at a limit dose of 2000 mg/ kg/ p.o. Repeat dose oral toxicity studies were conducted by daily oral dosing of 500 mg kg b.w of HIL dissolved in 1 mL of 0.9% saline and 1 mL of 0.9% saline to rats in the test and control groups, respectively, for 28 days. On day 29, blood samples for bioassays were collected by cardiac puncture under chloroform anesthesia. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using standard procedures. The LD50 estimate of the extract was calculated to be greater than 2000 mg/ kg/ p.o. The extract caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in weight gain, differential eosinophil count, and increase in serum creatinine but did not affect the organ weights, other serum electrolytes, liver enzymes, and other hematological indices in test rats. Its phytochemical analysis showed it contains saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phlorotannins, glycosides, reducing sugars, and anthraquinones. These results show that the aqueous extract of Helicteres isora is relatively safe toxicologically when administered orally. Thus, its use in folkloric medicine as an oral antidiabetic is relatively safe when used over the tested period.

Suggestive Reading Regarding Helicteres isora

Shriram, Varsha & Jahagirdar, Sheetal & Latha, C. & Kumar, Vinay & Dhakephalkar, Prashant & Rojatkar, Supada & Shitole, Mahadeo. (2010). Antibacterial & anti-plasmid activities of Helicteres isora L. The Indian Journal of medical research. 132. 94- 9.
Venkatesh, Sama & Reddy, G & Reddy, Bommineni & Mekala, Lakshman. (2019). ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF HELICTERES ISORA ROOT.
Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & Murugesan, Arunachalam. (2008). Effect of Helicteres isora bark extracts on heart antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Journal of Applied Biomedicine. 6. 89- 95. 10. 32725/ jab. 2008. 012.
Venkatesh, Sama & Reddy, Bommineni & Reddy, G & Mullangi, Ramesh & Mekala, Lakshman. (2010). Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Helicteres isora roots in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: A possible mechanism of action. Journal of natural medicines. 64. 295. 304. 10. 1007/ s11418- 010- 0406- 9.
Priyanka, L & Kekuda, Prashith & K.J, Chaithra & Hl, Raghavendra & S, Akshatha & A, Priyanka. (2015). ANTIMICROBIAL AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF LEAF AND FRUIT OF HELICTERES ISORA L. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. 4. 1793- 1803.
Mahajan, Renuka & Itankar, Prakash. (2020). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Wound Healing Potential of Helicteres Isora Linn. Leaf Extracts. Digital Chinese Medicine. 3. 188- 198. 10. 1016/ j. dcmed. 2020. 09. 005.
Venkatesh, S. & Sailaxmi, K & Reddy, BMadhava & Ramesh, Mullangi. (2007). Antimicrobial activity of Helicteres isora root. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 69. 10. 4103/ 0250- 474X. 38479.
Khan, Iftikhar & Varkey, Thomas & Akram, Muhammad & Munir, Naveed & Riaz, Muhammad & Merhavy, Zachary. (2023). Evaluation of In Vivo Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Prescribed for the Management of Diarrhea. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 4. 10. 21608/ AUJES. 2023. 182911. 1112.
Badgujar, V.B. & Jain, Pritam & Patil, Ravindra & Haswani, N.G. & Chaudhari, S. G. (2009). Antiinflammatory activity of Helicteres isora Linn. stem bark extracts in rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2. 63- 65.
Rattanamaneerusmee, Acharaporn & Thirapanmethee, Krit & Nakamura, Yasushi & Bongcheewin, Bhanubong & Chomnawang, Mullika. (2018). Chemopreventive and biological activities of Helicteres isora L. fruit extracts. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 13. 484. 10. 4103/ 1735-5362. 245960.
Venkatesh, S. & Sailaxmi, K. & Reddy, Bommineni & Mullangi, Ramesh. (2007). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Helicteres isora root. Indian Drugs. 44. 295- 299.
Ganesan, Kumar & Murugesan, A. G. (2008). Hypolipidemic activity of Helicteres isora L. bark extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 116. 161- 6. 10. 1016/ j. jep. 2007. 11. 020.
Venkatesh, Sama & Laxmi K, Sai & Reddy, Bommineni & Ramesh, M. (2007). Antinociceptive activity of Helicteres isora. Fitoterapia. 78. 146- 8. 10. 1016/ j. fitote. 2006. 09. 024.
Pohocha, Nazneen & Grampurohit, Nirmala. (2001). Antispasmodic activity of the fruits of Helicteres isora Linn. Phytotherapy research: PTR. 15. 49- 52. 10. 1002/ 1099- 1573 (200102) 15: 1< 49: AID-PTR729> 3. 0. CO; 2- E.
Manke, Mahesh & Dhawale, Shashikant & Patil, Dasrao & Pekamwar, Sanjay & Jamkhande, Prasad. (2015). In-vitro Anthelmintic and Antioxidant Activity of Helicteres isora Linn. Fruit Extracts. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature. 5. 10. 1080/ 22311866. 2014. 961101.
Pritam, Prem & jain, amita & Joshi, Neelu. (2014). A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Different Parts of Helicteres isora L. American Journal of Life Science Research. 2. 292. 10. 11648/ j. ajls. 20140205. 17.
Suthar, Manish & Rathore, Garvendra & Pareek, Aditi. (2009). Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Helicteres isora (L.) Fruits. Indian Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 71. 695- 9. 10. 4103/ 0250- 474X. 59557.
Khan, Iftikhar & Varkey, Thomas & Akram, Muhammad & Munir, Naveed & Riaz, Muhammad & Merhavy, Zachary. (2023). Evaluation of In Vivo Anti-Diarrheal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Prescribed for the Management of Diarrhea. 4. 34- 46.
Kumar, T & Mary, A & Christy, Violet & Seetharaman, Ramya & Malaiyandi, Malaisamy & Sivaraj, C & Pandian, Arjun & Raaman, Nanjian & Balasubramanian, Krishnamoorthi. (2012). Antioxidant and anticancer activity of Helicteres isora dried fruit solvent extracts. J. Acad. Indus. Res. 1.
Zareen, Nazia & Venkatesh, Sama & Bolleddu, Rajesh. (2019). Antidiabetic Effect of Helicteres isora Root in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. 6. 1067.
Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & Murugesan, Arunachalam. (2009). Antidiabetic activity of Helicteres isora L. Bark extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1. 379- 382.
Ganesan, Kumar & Banu, Gani & Murugesan, A.G. & Pandian, M. (2006). Hypoglycaemic effect of Helicteres isora bark extract in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 107. 304- 7. 10. 1016/ j. jep. 2006. 05. 007.
Suthar M, Rathore GS, Pareek A. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Helicteres isora (L.) Fruits. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Nov; 71 (6): 695- 9. doi: 10. 4103/ 0250- 474X. 59557. PMID: 20376228; PMCID: PMC 2846480.
Rattanamaneerusmee A, Thirapanmethee K, Nakamura Y, Bongcheewin B, Chomnawang MT. Chemopreventive and biological activities of Helicteres isora L. fruit extracts. Res Pharm Sci. 2018 Dec; 13 (6): 484-492. doi 10. 4103/ 1735- 5362. 245960. PMID: 30607146; PMCID: PMC 6288992.
Tambekar DH, Khante BS, Panzade BK, Dahikar S, Banginwar Y. Evaluation of phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Helicteres isora L. fruits against enteric bacterial pathogens. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2008 Apr 10; 5 (3): 290- 3. doi: 10. 4314/ ajtcam. v5i3. 31285. PMID: 20161950; PMCID: PMC 2816553.
Sirimongkolvorakul S, Jasancheun A. Screening of in vitro antimicrobial effects of Helicteres isora extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Vet World. 2021 Sep; 14 (9): 2313- 2316. doi 10.14202/vet world. 2021. 2313- 2316. Epub 2021 Sep 4. PMID: 34840448; PMCID: PMC 8613791.
Shaikh S, Shriram V, Khare T, Kumar V. Biotic elicitors enhance diosgenin production in Helicteres isora L. suspension cultures via up-regulation of CAS and HMGR genes. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2020 Mar;26(3):593-604. doi 10.1007/ s12298- 020- 00774- 6. Epub 2020 Feb 20. PMID: 32205933; PMCID: PMC 7078398.
Olivas-Quintero S, Lopez-Angulo G, Montes-Avila J, Diaz- Camacho SP, Vega- Avina R, Lopez- Valenzuela JA, Salazar- Salas NY, Delgado- Vargas F. Chemical composition and biological activities of Helicteres vegan and Heliopsis sinaloensis. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec; 55 (1): 1473- 1482. doi 10. 1080/ 13880209. 2017. 1306712. PMID: 28347185; PMCID: PMC6130667.
Rattanamaneerusmee A, Thirapanmethee K, Nakamura Y, Bongcheewin B, Chomnawang MT. Chemopreventive and biological activities of Helicteres isora L. fruit extracts. Res Pharm Sci. 2018 Dec; 13 (6): 484- 492. doi 10. 4103/ 1735- 5362. 245960. PMID: 30607146; PMCID: PMC 6288992.
Gupta RN, Pareek A, Suthar M, Rathore GS, Basniwal PK, Jain D. Study of glucose uptake activity of Helicteres isora Linn. fruits in L- 6 cell lines. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009 Oct; 29 (4): 170- 3. doi: 10. 4103/ 0973-3930. 57349. PMID: 20336200; PMCID: PMC 2839132.
Vennila S, Bupesh G, Saravanamurali K, Senthil Kumar V, SenthilRaja R, Saran N, Magesh S. Insilico docking study of compounds elucidated from Helicteres isora fruits with ampkinase- insulin receptor. Bioinformation. 2014 May 20; 10 (5): 263- 6. doi: 10. 6026/ 97320630010263. PMID: 24966532; PMCID: PMC 4070034.

References

Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridhabala. In: Charaka Samhita, ed. Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya., editor. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2009.
Sushruta. In: Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, ed. Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya., editor. Varanasi: Choukhambha Orientalia; 2005.
Vagbhata. In: Ashtanga Hrudaya, 9th ed. Anna Moreshwar Kunte, Krishnashastri Navarre, Harishastri, editors. Varanasi: Choukhambha Orientalia; 2005.
Sharma PV, Kaideva Nighantu. Aushadhi Varga. Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi; 2006.
Priya Nighantu, Sharadi Varga, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi.
Dr. Gyanendra Pandey, Dravyaguna Vigyana, reprint 2012, Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy.
Tripathi I., Raja Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi; 2010
K. Niteshwar Dravyaguna Vigyan, reprint 2017.
Dr. J.L.N. Sastry and Dr. B.S. Sastry, Dravyaguna Vigyana, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi.

Ayurveda is an Indian system of medicine that is popular since ancient times. Dr. Gupta’s IAFA® has been conducting research studies to find out different phytoconstituents of herbs and their action in the body. Such knowledge acquired by our experts is used in the preparation of medicines and providing the treatment facilities safely and effectively. IAFA® is the provider of safe and effective treatment for a wide range of diseases, mainly allergic diseases all based on Ayurveda.

Dr. Sahil Gupta (B.A.M.S., M.H.A.)

Dr. Sahil Gupta completed his Bachelor of Ayurveda in Medicine and Surgery (B.A.M.S.) and Master’s Degree in Health Administration (MHA) India. He is Registered Ayurvedic Doctor & Vaidya in India having Registration No. 23780. He is the CEO and founder of IAFA. After completing BAMS, Dr. Sahil Gupta started practicing Ayruveda by giving prime importance to allergic disorders management. He became the first Ayurvedic doctor to cure Food Allergies through Ayurveda. Read More About Dr. Sahil Gupta.