Daruharidra (Berberis aristata)
Explore the uses, benefits, and medicinal properties of Daruharidra (Berberis aristata), also known as Daruhaldi, Indian Barberry, Chutro, and Mara Manjal. Learn how this potent herb supports health and healing.
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ShareDaruharidra (Berberis aristata) – Ultimate Solution for Eye Disorders
Introduction
Haridra Dwaya consists of two herbs Haridra and Daru Haridra. Daru Haridra is botanically known as Berberis aristata and belongs to the Berberidaceae family. Pharmacologically Daru Haridra is similar to Haridra but specifically, Daru Haridra cures diseases of the eyes, ears, and oral cavity. It is found in the outer Himalayas from Garhwal to Bhutan.
Historically this herb is famous for its use to anticipate Plague disease by ancient Egyptians. It consists of various active ingredients like Berberine, Berbamine, Oxycanthine (Alkaloids), Astringent principles, etc due to which it exhibits hepatoprotective activity, hypoglycemic activity, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, cardiotonic activities, etc.
Daru Haridra fruit is a rich source of Vitamin C. Daru Haridra is used to cure various disorders like skin disease, eye disorders, wound healing, etc. Daru Haridra is very famous for its formulation Rasanjana i.er Rashut which is used to cure various eye disorders.
Basonym of Daruharidra
दारु प्रधाना हरिद्रा वर्णा
काष्ठसय पीत वर्णाद दारुहरिद्रेति संज्ञस्त | (By Priya Nighantu Satpushpadi Varga, 172)
The plant is having yellow wood which is the main useful Part.
Synonyms of Daru Haridra
- According to Morphology
कटंकटेरी: – पत्राणां कण्टकिंत्वात् |
Leaves of Daru Haridra are spiny-toothed.
कण्टकिनी- पत्रे कण्टकयुक्ता |
Leaves are spiny-toothed.
दार्वी – दारुप्रधानौषधि: |
Wood is an important part used in medicine.
पीतदारू- पीतं दार्वस्य |
The Daru Haridra wood is yellow colored.
पीतद्रु -पीतश्वासौ द्रुमश्च पीतकाण्डत्वात् पीतपुष्पत्वाच्च |
The stem and flowers of Daru Haridra are yellow colored.
पर्जन्या- मेघागमे फलागमात् ।
Fruit occurs in the rainy season.
- According to Properties and Actions
कृमिहरा- कृमीन् हरतीति ।
Daru Haridra is a good anti- helminthic.
पचम्पचा- पाकानन्तरं पचति धातुपाकं करोति यकृतीति |
Daru Haridra improves liver function.
कुसुम्भ्ला- कुसुम्भवत वर्ण लातीति |
Imparts yellow color like that of Kusumbha (Carthamus tinctorius).
Regional Names of Daruharidra
- Indian berbery (English)
- Daru Haldi (Hindi)
- Arishina (Kannada)
- Kooneit (Malayalam)
- Daru Halad (Marathi)
- Dara Haldi (Punjabi)
- Daru Haladar (Gujrati)
- Daru Haridra (Bengali)
- Mani Paupa, Kasturi Paspu (Telegu)
- Gara Menjal, Mara Manzal (Tamil)
- Darchoba (Pers.)
- Kingora, Kashmal, Kashmoi, Kilmora (U. P hills)
Botanical Name of Daru Haridra
Berberis aristata DC.
Berberis is an Arabic name belonging to the berberis family and aristate means furnished with an elongated projecting bristle, in connection with the costa (rib).
Family – Berberidaceae (Daru Haridra Kula)
Ayurveda Reference for Daru Haridra (Berberis aristata)
Scientific Classification of Daruharidra
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Class | Dicotyledons |
| Subclass | Polypetalae |
| Series | Thalamiflorae |
| Order | Ranales |
| Family | Berberidaceae |
| Genus | Berberis |
| Species | aristata |
Classification of Daru Haridra – As Per Charaka and Sushruta
Charaka: Arshoghna Mahakshaya, Kandughna Mahakshaya, Lekhniya Mahakshaya.
Sushruta: Haridradi Gana, Mustadi Gana, Lakshadi Gana.
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Daru Haridra
This is the wood of some species of Berberis, mostly, B. aristata DC., B. asiatica Roxb. ex. DC., B. lycium Royle, and B. vulgaris Linn. The barks of stem and root are also used. They are popularly known by different local names like Kingora, Kasmala, Kilmora, and Chitra. It has been mentioned by several other synonyms used for Haridra.
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Su. 4/ 3, 12, 14, C. S. Vi. 7/ 17, C. S. Vi. 8/ 143, 150, C. S. Chi. 14/ 160, C. S. Chi. 19/ 59, 87, C. S. Chi. 21. 58
Sushruta Samhita: S. S. Su. 38/ 27, 54, S. S. Chi. 11/ 8
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Darvi
| Charaka | Sushruta | Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridaya) |
| C. S. Su. 5/ 60 | S. S. Su. 46/ 432 | A. H. Su. 15/ 4 |
| C. S. Chi. 6/ 27, 28 | S. S. Chi. 2/ 69 | A. H. Su. 20/ 38 |
| C. S. Chi. 7/ 45, 60, 83, 90, 93, 96, 102, 113, 119, 135, 139 | S. S. Chi. 5/ 42 | A. H. Su. 22/ 19 |
| C. S. Chi. 8/ 136 | S. S. Chi. 9/ 35 | A. H. Sa. 1/ 62 |
| C. S. Chi. 11/ 33 | S. S. Chi. 18/ 18 | A. H. Chi. 8/ 103, 131 |
| C. S. Chi. 12/ 51 | S. S. Chi. 19/ 40 | A. H. Chi. 9/ 58, 90 |
| C. S. Chi. 14/ 186, 196, 22, 231, 234 | S. S. Chi. 20/ 18 | A. H. Chi. 10/ 35 |
| C. S. Chi. 15/ 135, 137 | S. S. Ka. 5/ 82 | A. H. Chi. 11/ 8 |
| C. S. Chi. 16/ 53, 62, 72, 96 | S. S. U. 10/ 4 | A. H. Chi. 12/ 6, 7 |
| C. S. Chi. 21/ 58, 91, 96, 136 | S. S. U. 12/ 16, 19 | A. H. Chi. 16/ 16, 43 |
| C. S. Chi. 25/ 83, 87, 93 | S. S. U. 17/ 15 | A. H. Chi. 17/ 32 |
| C. S. Chi. 26/ 52, 187, 190, 196, 197, 199, 200, 236, 241 | S. S. U. 18/ 96 | A. H. Chi. 18/ 7, 35 |
| C. S. Chi. 29/ 133 | S. S. U. 19/ 15 | A. H. Chi. 19/ 2, 37, 40, 59, 62, 77 |
| C. S. Si. 3/ 59 | S. S. U. 39/ 223, 246 | A. H. U. 22/ 28 |
| C. S. Si. 4/ 19 | S. S. U. 40/ 63, 77, 86, 104 | A. H. U. 13/ 6, 93 |
| A. H. U. 16/ 25, 33, 57 | ||
| A. H. U. 22/ 55, 56, , 87, 97, 98, 100, 105 | ||
| A. H. U. 25/ 67 | ||
| A. H. U. 26/ 26 | ||
| A. H. U. 37/ 73 |
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Kanta Kateri
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Su. 3/ 9, C. S. Chi. 6. 32
Sushruta Samhita: S. S. U. 12/ 7
Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridya): A. H. Chi. 9/ 62, A. H. Chi. 11/ 11, A. H. Chi. 19/ 67, A. H. U. 3/ 45, A. H. U. 16/ 8, A. H. U. 30/ 39
Daru Haridra’s Substitute Description in Brihtrayi i.e Kalyeka
Kaliya and the other allied names refer to this South Indian plant with constituents and properties more or less similar to the Berberis (Daruharida) of North so much so that it has since long been accepted as a substitute for it. The drug was formerly exported from Ceylon and known in the world market as Ceylon Calumba and used as a substitute for true foreign Calumba. The name Kalambaka found in some Nighantus has, it seems, its origin in the above fact. Dalhana has described it as similar to Daru Haridra or to Pita Chandana.
| Charaka | Sushruta | Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridaya) |
| C. S. Su. 3/ 25 | S. S. Su. 38/ 12 | A. H. Su. 22/ 20 |
| C. S. Vi. 6/ 16 | S. S. Su. 39/ 9 | A. H. Chi. 12/ 8 |
| C. S. Chi. 3/ 257 | S. S. Chi. 20/ 35 | A. H. U. 16/ 4 |
| C. S. Chi. 4/ 72 | S. S. Chi. 25/ 39 | A. H. U. 25/ 61 |
| C. S. Chi. 6/ 30 | S. S. Chi. 37/ 36 | A. H. U. 32/ 23, 27, 31 |
| C. S. Chi. 16/ 53 | S. S. Ka. 1/ 54 | A. H. U. 37/ 86 |
| C. S. Chi. 21/ 73 | S. S. Ka. 6/ 15 | |
| C. S. Chi. 24/ 158 | S. S. U. 12/ 7 | |
| C. S. Chi. 25/ 115 | S. S. U/ 44/ 31 | |
| C. S. Chi. 26/ 232 | S. S. U. 45/ 39 | |
| C. S. Chi. 29/ 110 | ||
| C. S. Chi. 30/ 88 | ||
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Kshanade
Kshnada is Haridra and Kshanade is equivalent to Haridra Dwaya i.e Haridra and Daru Haridra.
Sushruta Samhita: S. S. U. 17/ 17
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Gauri
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Si. 4/ 20
Sushruta Samhita: S. S. Su. 16. 27 (10), S. S. Chi. 5/ 8, S. S. Chi. 17/ 10, 13
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Daru Nisha
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Chi. 6/ 40
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Nisha
When the Nishadwaya word is used Haridra and Daruharidra are considered.
| Charaka | Sushruta | Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridaya) |
| C. S. Chi. 6/ 31 | S. S. Chi. 8/ 30 | A. H. Su. 14/ 26 |
| C. S. Chi. 7/ 161 | S. S. Chi. 17/ 21 | A. H. Su. 15/ 40 |
| C. S. Chi. 23/ 71 | S. S. Chi. 20/ 28 | A. H. Su. 21/ 17 |
| S. S. Chi. 37/ 33 | A. H. Su. 26/ 40 | |
| S. S. Chi. 38/ 63 | A. H. Su. 27/ 36 | |
| S. S. Ka. 8/ 52, 73 | A. H. Chi. 1/ 65 | |
| S. S. U. 17/ 27, 45 | A. H. Chi. 4/ 42 | |
| S. S. U. 39/ 181, 251 | A. H. Chi. 8/ 21, 22 | |
| S. S. U. 40/ 99 | A. H. Chi. 9/ 59, 64 | |
| S. S. U. 61/ 35 | A. H. Chi. 11/ 60 | |
| S. S. U. 62/ 27 | A. H. Chi. 12/ 17 | |
| A. H. Chi. 13/ 5, 6 | ||
| A. H. Chi. 15/ 10, 70 | ||
| A. H. Chi. 16/ 44 | ||
| A. H. Chi. 19/ 33, 38, 42, 64 | ||
| A. H. Chi. 21/ 59 | ||
| A. H. U. 2/ 24, 55, 66 | ||
| A. H. U. 15, 19, 20 | ||
| A. H. U. 7/ 19 | ||
| A. H. U. 9/ 32 | ||
| A. H. U. 11/ 22, 38, 49 | ||
| A. H. U. 13/ 69 | ||
| A. H. U. 16/ 15 | ||
| A. H. U. 18/ 47 | ||
| A. H. U. 22/ 92, 104 | ||
| A. H. U. 25/ 43, 60, 67 | ||
| A. H. U. 30/ 34 | ||
| A. H. U. 34/ 28, 64 | ||
| A. H. U. 35/ 26 | ||
| A. H. U. 36/ 82, 84 | ||
| A. H. U. 37/ 38, 70 | ||
| A. H. U. 38/ 26 | ||
| A. H. U. 40/ 48 |
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Pitta Daru
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Si. 9/ 13, C. S. Si. 10/ 22
Sushruta Samhita: S. S. Chi. 19/ 13, S. S. Chi. 31/ 5
Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridya): A. H. Chi. 13/ 33
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Pitadru
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Chi. 10/ 42, C. S. Chi. 12/ 25, C. S. Chi. 17/ 110, C. S. Chi. 26/ 97, C. S. Si. 4/ 28
Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridya): A. H. Chi. 6/ 52, A. H. Ka. 5/ 31, A. H. U. 7/ 31
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi in Rajni Dwaya
| Charaka | Sushruta | Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridaya) |
| C. S. Chi. 1- 1, 24 | S. S. Su. 13/ 18 | A. H. Su. 10/ 29 (Dwi Ranjani) |
| C. S. Chi. 7/ 67 (Rajni Dwaya), 76, 86, 99, 144 (Rajnyo) | S. S. Su. 26/ 20 | A. H. Chi. 6/ 73 |
| C. S. Chi. 9/ 41, 76 | S. S. Su. 38/ 72 | A. H. Chi. 13/ 35 |
| C. S. Chi. 10/ 17 | S. S. Chi. 2/ 73, 82 | A. H. Chi. 16/ 36 |
| C. S. Chi. 12/ 39 | S. S. Chi. 8/ 43, 45 (Rajni Dwaya) | A. H. Chi. 17/ 39 |
| C. S. Chi. 13/ 118 | S. S. Su. 9/ 55 (Rajni Dwaya) | A. H. Chi. 19/ 8, 39, 41, 44 |
| C. S. Chi. 16/ 104 | S. S. Chi. 17/ 41 (Rajni Dwaya) | A. H. Chi. 22/ 36 (Rajni Dwaya) |
| C. S. Chi. 17/ 144 | S. S. Chi. 18/ 16 | A. H. U. 2/ 38, 76 |
| C. S. Chi. 22/ 48, 23, 40, 49, 51, 55(Rajni Dwaya), 78, 100 (Rajni Dwaya), 184 9Rajni Dwaya), 189, 212, (Rajni dwaya), 219 (Rajnyo), 245 | S. S. Chi. 19/ 35 | A. H. U. 5/ 10 (Rajni Dwaya) |
| C. S. Chi. 25/ 113 | S. S. Chi. 20/ 34 | A. H. U. 6/ 27 |
| C. S. Chi. 26/ 62, 144, 208 | S. S. Chi. 25/ 20 | A. H. U. 9/ 26 |
| C. S. Chi. 29/ 113, 148 | S. S. Chi. 28/ 3 | A. H. U. 16/ 13 |
| C. S. Chi. 30/ 51, 270 | S. S. Chi. 38/ 25 | A. H. U. 18/ 56 |
| C. S. Ka. 4/ 15 | S. S. Ka. 1/ 36 | A. H. U. 19/ 8 (Rajnyo) |
| C. S. Ka. 7/ 15 | S. S. Ka. 2/ 45 (Rajni Dwaya) | A. H. U. 28/ 35 |
| C. S. Si. 4/ 17 | S. S. Ka. 5/ 74 | A. H. U. 37/ 32, 83 |
| S. S. Ka. 6/ 9 | A. H. U. 38/ 18, 40 | |
| S. S. Ka. 7/ 33 | A. H. U. 39/ 17 | |
| S. S. Ka. 8/ 44, 48, 49, 68, 73, 102, 131, 136 | ||
| S. S. U. 9/ 14, 23 | ||
| S. S. U. 18/ 100 | ||
| S. S. U. 24/ 29 | ||
| S. S. U. 39/ 226, 241, 291 | ||
| S. S. U. 42/ 49 | ||
| S. S. U. 44/ 15, 19, 31 | ||
| S. S. U. 45/ 33 | ||
| S. S. U. 57/ 10 9Rajni Dwaya), 13 | ||
| S. S. U. 60/ 43 | ||
| S. S. U. 61/ 31 | ||
| S. S. U. 62/ 23 |
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi as Souvarnitvaka
This has been identified as the bark of Daru Haridra by Chakra Dutta or with Aragvadha by others. It could also be the root of Toddalea asiatica which is yellow. The same can be said about the Suvarna Taka mentioned in A. H. Su. 21/ 17
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Chi. 7/ 76
Daru Haridra’s Description in Brihtrayi in Haridraka
Haridra refers to Haridra which stands for Daruharidra in all the places except in A. H. Su. 7. 41 where it appears to stand for a variety of yellow-colored mushrooms according to some. Cakra in his comments on Haridraka in C. S. Su. 26, 114 wrongly believes it to be a variety of a bird called Haritala. But in C. S. Su. 26. 119 Haridraka flesh again has been mentioned where a change in the version from Haridraka to Haritala has been suggested. Thus, Haridra in A. H. Su. 7. 41 and Haridraka in C. S. Su. 26. 114 are the same vegetable substance and to avoid confusion Haridraka in C. S. Su.26. 114 and 119 may be replaced by Haridra and Harita (Haritala) respectively.
Charaka Samhita: C. S. Su. 26/ 114, 119 (Haridra Seesak, Haridragni, Haaridraka Mansa)
Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridya): A. H. Su. 7/ 41 (Haridra), 44 (Haridra Shulaka)
Description of Rasanjana in Brihitrayi (The Extract Obtained from Daru Haridra)
It is also known as Rasonta.
| Charaka | Sushruta | Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridaya) |
| C. S. Su. 3/ 12 | S. S. Su. 14/ 37 | A. H. Su. 2/ 6 |
| C. S. Su. 5/ 12 | S. S. Su. 15/ 38 | A. H. Su. 14/ 23 |
| C. S. Chi. 7/ 61, 84, 93, 97, 125 | S. S. Su. 16/ 27 (11) | A. H. Su. 15/ 14 |
| C. S. Chi. 14/ 188, 196, 220 | S. S. Su. 38/ 40, 44 | A. H. Chi. 3/ 168 |
| C. S. Chi. 15/ 129, 134 | S. S. Sa. 10/ 44, 57 | A. H. Chi. 8/ 115 |
| C. S. Chi. 18/ 169, 177 | S. S. Chi. 1/ 98, 101 | A. H. Chi. 9/ 62 |
| C. S. Chi. 19/ 59, 115 | S. S. Chi. 8/ 41 | A. H. Chi. 10/ 39 |
| C. S. Chi. 23/ 78, 243 | S. S. Chi. 9/ 10, 57 | A. H. Chi. 19/ 87 |
| C. S. Chi. 26/ 188, 194, 199, 208, 224, 225, 250, 258 | S. S. Chi. 10/ 15 | A. H. Ka. 4/ 40 |
| C. S. Chi. 30/ 90, 96 | S. S. Chi. 18/ 52 | A. H. U. 2/ 73 |
| C. S. Si. 3/ 39, 60 | S. S. Chi. 19/ 40, 45 | A. H. U. 11/ 11, 37 |
| C. S. Si. 11/ 22 | S. S. Chi. 20/ 57, 59 | A. H. U. 14/ 30 |
| C. S. Si. 12/ 27, 31 | S. S. Chi. 22/ 11, 16 | A. H. U. 16/ 3, 52 |
| S. S. Chi. 38/ 26, 44, 72, 94, 108 | A. H. U. 18/ 27 | |
| S. S. Ka. 7/ 39 | A. H. U. 22/ 31, 56 | |
| S. S. U. 11/ 9, 15 | A. H. U. 25/ 62 | |
| S. S. U. 12/ 23 | A. H. U. 34/ 4, 45 | |
| S. S. U. 14/ 7 | ||
| S. S. U. 17/ 12, 15, 39, 43, 44 | ||
| S. S. U. 18/ 60 | ||
| S. S. U. 19/ 14 | ||
| S. S. U. 21/ 14, 49 | ||
| S. S. U. 24/ 35 | ||
| S. S. U. 40// 60, 61, 62, 93 |
Description of Rasanjana in Brihitrayi (The Extract Obtained from Daru Haridra) as Tarkshyasaila
Both Tarkshya or Tarkshyasaila are the names of Daru Haridra Nirmit Rasanjana.
Sushruta Samhita: S. S. Chi. 9/ 13, 25
Vagbhata (Ashtanga Hridya): A. H. Su. 15/ 4, A. H. Chi. 8/ 109, A. H. Ka. 4/ 9, A. H. U. 5/ 19
Historical Background of Daru Haridra
In the Vedic literature “Kesava Paddati” describes Daru Haridra along with Haridra in the management of Khalitya for topical application (Ke. Pa. 30/ 10). Daru Haridra is extensively used in Ayurvedic therapeutics.
A Controversial Study of Daru Haridra
There is no controversy over the identification of this herb. Due to non-availability, another herb Cocinium fenestratum is used in South India as Daruharidra. There are three well-identified Berberis species viz,
- The rocky mountain group B. aquifolium Pursh
- The Asiatic group i.e., B. aristata DC
- The European group i.e., B. vulgaris Linn.
Probably Dalhana identified the second variety of Daru Haridra during his period. He quoted Kaliyakam as a herb that is similar to Daruhardira and known as Malayadri Chandana. Bapalal Vaidya described C. fenestratum as Valli Chandana. Thakur Balvant Singh considered Kaalya as C. fenestratum which is abundantly used in Ceylon and South India. Other species of Berberis viz., B. asiatica Roxb. ex Dc., B. lycium Royle, etc., are also used as substitutes.
From the above description, it is apparent that both the South North Indian Vaids are using C. fenestratum and B. aristata as Daru Haridra. Both the plants are rich in berberine and therefore there should be no hitch in their vice-versa utility. The main controversy appears with the extract of Daruharidra which is described as Rasanjana. Charaka mentioned ‘Rasanjana’ for Sravana (Tiksna Anjana). With the advent of Rasanjana is also two types viz., herbal and mineral.
Varieties of Haridra
Haridra is only one, but we come across the description of two Haridras in the texts viz., Haridra and Daru Haridra. Shodhala considered both Haridras as the best anti- dotes for various poisons. Bhavamira described Haridra, Amragandhi Haridra (Karpura Haridra), Vana Haridra and Daru Haridra. Dalhana has described two types of Haridra:-
- Pinda Haridra
- Daru Haridra
Varieties of Daru Haridra
Direct references to different varieties of Daruharidra are not observed in ancient texts. But Dalhana quoted Daruharidra and Kaliyaka as two plants that look like i.e. B. aristata and C. fenestratum.
External Morphology of Berberis aristata
Habit: Daru Haridra is a large deciduous shrub that usually grows 10 ft. in height.
Stem: Stem of Daru Haridra (Berberis aristata)20 cm in diameter, twigs whitish or pale yellowish brown.
Bark: Bark of Berberis aristata is Pale brown, closely and rather deeply furrowed, rough; blaze is 5- 7.5 mm, bright yellow with coarse reticulate fiber.
Leaves – Leaves of Daruharidra are 4- 10 cm long, 1.5- 3 cm wide, obovate or elliptic, entire or spinous toothed, base gradually narrowed, with prominent reticulate nerves, glossy dark green above, glossy pale green but not glaucous beneath, sessile or very small petiole up to 4 mm.
Inflorescence – Simple drooping raceme.
Flowers – Seen in bunches with stout pedicels, 4- 6 mm long, bright yellow colored.
Fruit – Ovoid shaped, 1 cm long, blue or black colored.
External Morphology of Coscinium fenestratum Colebr.
Habit: Coscinium fenestratum commonly known as Kaliyaka is considered Daru Haridra in the South region of India and is a climbing shrub. Branches are covered with fuscous cinereous bark, striate when young yellow tomentose.
Leaves: Leaves of Kaliyaka are, 15-25 cm long, 12-25 cm wide, Lamina is coriaceous, shining and smooth above, minutely tomentose beneath, rotund-ovate or broadly cordate, emarginate at the base, the apex is linear- acuminate. The petiole is long 10- 12 cm in length.
Inflorescence: Supra axillary dense flowered.
Flowers: Male flowers are globose, 6 mm in diameter, and petals are yellow. Female flowers are pilose.
Fruit: Drupe, slightly tomentose, 2-2.5 cm in diameter.
Flowering and Fruiting Time of Daru Haridra
Spring to the summer seasonh as Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Central India, southern India, and tropically generally.
Distribution of Daru Haridra
It is found in the Himalayas an elevation from 6000 to 10000 feet.
The Useful Part of Daru Haridra
Root and Root bark
Market sample of Daruharidra (Berberis asiatica) will have hard, cylindrical, more or less knarled pieces of root, up to 10 cm or more in diameter. The outer surface is corky, greyish brown and prominently fissured both longitudinally and transversely. The wood is lemon yellow and distinctly radiated. The root bark of Daru Haridra is 4 to 6 mm thick. The root bark is corky externally, and friable. Internally root bark is smooth, closely satiated, and yellowish brown. It is very difficult to break and faint phenolic odor and better taste.
In South India, Coscinium fenestratum is used as a source for Daruharidra. In the market, the material consists of dried cut lengths of the stem, 20 to 30 cm in length and 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Rots are cylindrical, straight, or slightly twisted. The surface is pale grey or greyish yellow in co our, covered with somewhat spiral striations running longitudinally. The transversely cut portion is greenish yellow and shows a thick woody surface, characterized by an array of several medullary rays, radiating from a well-defined centrally placed pith. On break, it becomes short pieces and powdery. Doesn’t have any particular dour and has a slightly bitter taste. cylinder twice as broad as the cortex. It has a characteristic aromatic odor and bitter taste.
Important Phytoconstituent of Daru Haridra
Berberis aristata: Berberine, Berbamine, Oxycanthine (Alkaloids), Astringent principles.
Coscinium fenestratum: Stem yielded berberine, hentriacontane, sitosterol and its glucoside, palmitic and oleic acids, saponin.
Root yielded Berberrubine, Jatorrhizine, Thalifendine, and Palmatine.
Root bark afforded berberine an alkaloid
Recent Research on Berberis aristata (Daru Haridra)
- To evaluate the anti-neoplastic activity of the extracts of Berberis aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (BAC) – bearing mice with cisplatin as a positive control in the advanced state of tumorigenesis. The ethanol exact was observed to be more efficient and the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids may be responsible for the observed anticancer effects. Pai KS, Srilatha P, Surakant K, Setty MM, Nayak PG, Ra CM, Baliga MS. Anticancer activity or Berbers aristata in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice: a preliminary study. Pharm Biol. 2012 Mar; 50 (3): 270- 7. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
- The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of four Berberis species viz. Berberis aristata, Berberis asiatica, Berberis Chitra, and Berberis lycium were tested against eleven bacterial and eight fungal strains. B. aristata root extract gave low MICs values against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus favus while stem extract against Streptococcus pneumonia. Singh M. Srivastava S, Rawat AK. Antimicrobial activities of Indian Berberis species. Phytotherapies. 2007. Dec; 78 (7- 8): 574- 6. Epub 2007 May. 24.
- Malhotra, Bhanu & Kulkarni, Giriraj & Dhiman, Neerupma & Kumar, Arun & London, Harsha Kharkwal. (2021). Recent advances on Berberis aristata emphasize berberine alkaloids including phytochemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery system. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 27. 100433. 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100433. The use of medicinal plants is an age-old tradition and recent progress in modern therapeutics has stimulated the use of natural products worldwide for diverse ailments and diseases. Ethnomedicinal values of plants form the ground of “Herbal Drug Industry” and “Green Medicines”. Berberis aristata (B. aristata) also known as “Daruharidra”, native to the Himalayan region is an important medicinal plant used since ancient times for treating a variety of diseases such as splenomegaly, malaria, jaundice, rheumatism, conjunctivitis, and others. Scientific evidence suggests that it is its versatile biological functions that support its traditional use in the Orient. An extensive search in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Science Direct) was used to identify the phytochemical studies of Berberine. Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, which occurs as an active constituent in B. aristata as well as various other medicinal plants that have an array of pharmacological properties. This review aims to highlight the morphology, distribution, phytochemistry, synthesis, chemical reactions, nanoformulation, and important pharmacological properties of B. aristata. It also gives insights into developing further bioactive compounds from the plant scaffolds or additional pleiotropic roles with special emphasis on metabolites isolated from Berberis used in the treatment of life-threatening disorders including cancers, heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus.
- To investigate the detailed pharmacokinetics of berberine and its mechanisms of hepatobiliary excretion, an in vivo microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was performed. The results indicate that berberine displays a linear pharmacokinetic phenomenon in the dosage range from 10 to 20 mg. kg (-1). Tsai PL, Tsai TH. Hepatobiliary excretion of berberine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Apr; 32 (4): 405- 12.
- The water extract from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn) Colebr. (CF extract) was tested for hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects. Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as motor activity of CF extract were also evaluated. The present study demonstrates that CF extract is effective in reducing blood pressure in anesthetized normotensive rats. Wongcome T, Panthong A Jesadanont S, Kanjanapothi D, Taesotikul, T Lertprasertsuke N. Hypotensive effect and toxicology of the extract from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 22; 111 (3): 468- 75. Epub 2006 Dec 21.
- The antibacterial activity of Coscinium fenestratum is mainly due to the presence of berberine. Nair GN Narasimhan, S, Shiburaj, S, Abraham TK. Antibacterial effects of Coscinium fenestratum. Fitoterapia. 2005 Sep, 76 (6): 585- 7.
- The anti- hepatotoxic activity of methanol extract of Coscinium fenestratum stem (MEC) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy in rats. This study unravels the anti-hepatotoxic activity of MEC Venukumar MR, Latha MS. Effect of Coscinium fenestratum of hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2004 Aug; 42 (8): 792- 7.
- Shahid, Mohd & Rahim, T. & Shahzad, Anwar & Tajuddin, Tajuddin & Latif, Abdul & Fatma, T. & Rashid, Mamoon & Raza, Adil & Mustafa, Sarbast. (2009). Ethnobotanical studies on Berberis aristata DC. root extracts. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. 8. 556-563. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of fresh Berberis aristata DC roots, as well as the aqueous extract of dried roots, were compared for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method. All three extracts showed wide antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Among the Gramnegative bacteria tested, the antibacterial activity was limited to Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, and Vibrio cholera; with the best activity against V. cholerae. MICs of the alcoholic extracts against Gram-positive bacteria ranged between 3.8 ×10 -3 to 6.1 ×10 -3 mg/ml and for Gram-negative bacteria from 6.1 ×10 -3 to 7.6 10 -3 mg/ml. The MICs for Candida species ranged between 0.02 to 3.8 ×10 -3 mg/ml and for Aspergillus species, it was 3 × 10 -3 mg/ml. All three extracts also had antifungal activity against the fungal species tested, except Candida krusei. The extracts of B. aristata also demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, tannins, terpenes, resins, phenols, and reducing sugars as major compounds.
Rasa Panchaka of Daru Haridra
| Rasa (Taste) | Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent) |
| Guna (Virtue) | Ruksha (Dry), Laghu (Light) |
| Virya (Potency) | Ushna (Hot Potency) |
| Vipaka (Post-Digestion) | Katu (Pungent) |
Dosha Karma of Daru Haridra
Pitta Kapha Shamaka. Pitta Shamaka because of Tikta Rasa. Kapha Shamaka because of Ushana Virya and Tikta Rasa.
Karma (Actions) of Daru Haridra
Netrya, Asya Roga Hara, Karna Roga Hara, Kandu Ghna, Vrna Hara, Visa Ghna, Kustha Ghna, Prameha Hara, Rakta Shodhaka, Yakrduttejaka, Varnya.
Rasanjana Karma – Netrya, Visaghna, Rasayana and Chedana.
Prayogarha Vyadhi (Therapeutic Indications) of Daru Haridra
Abhyantara Paryoga (Internal Indications): Yakrid Vikara, Kamala, Pandu, Agnimandya-Pravahika, Aruci, Trishna (Phala), Rakta Srava, Raktavikara- Phiranga (Rasanjana), Raktapitta, Raktarsa, Rakta Pradara, Kasa, Pradara- Shveta- Raktapradara, Prameha-Pistameha, Unmada- Graha, Kustha- Kandu- Visphota, Vrddhiroga Tvagvikara-Varnavikara, Jvara- Jirnajvara- Visamajvara, Dourbalya.
Bahya Paryoga (External Indication): Sothavedanayukta Vikara Netraroga- Netrabhisyanda- Netrasotha- Naktandhya, Karnaroga- Karnasula-Karnasrava- Putikarna, Rakta Vikarajanya Shotha, Phiranga, Upadamsa-Sarvalinga Vikara- Suka Dosha, Gandamala, Bhagandara, Visarpa, Bala Gudapaka, Sarpavisa, Mukharoga, Vrana Nadivrana.
Amayika Prayoga (Therapeutic Uses) of Darvi (Daruharidra)
Paandu, Kamala (Anemia and jaundice)
- Darvi Ghrta. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 16. 54)
- One suffering from jaundice should take in morning cooled decoction of Triphala, Guduci, Darvi or Nimba mixed with honey. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 16. 63)
Kustha (skin disorder)
- Darvi or Rasanjana was taken with cow’s urine checks for leprosy. Similarly, acts Haritaki are taken with Trikatu, jaggery, and oil for a month. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 7. 61)
- Darvi and Rasanjana, Nimba and Patola, khadira (heartwood), Aragvadha and Kutaja, Triphala, Saptaparna and Tinisa and Karavira- these eight decoctions should be used in various ways such as bath, intake, paste, rubbing, dusting and processing of oil and ghee for alleviation of Kustha. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 7. 97- 99)
- Decoction of Darvi, Khadira, and Nimba (all barks) destroys Kustha. (Ashtanga Hridya Chikitsa Sthana. 19. 37)
Visarpa (Erysipelas): In wounds, oil cooked with Darvi, Vidanga, and Kampillaka is useful and in that having predominance of Kapha and Pitta Ghrta cooked with Durva juice is efficacious. (Ashtanga Hridya Chikitsa Stahana. 18. 35)
Mutra Kriccha (Dysuria): In dysuria caused by pitta, Darvi with Amalaki juice mixed with honey should be taken. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 26. 53)
Vrishan Vriddhi (Scrotal enlargement): In the diseases caused by Kapha paste of Darvi should be taken with cow’s urine. (Ashtanga Hridya Chikitsa Sthana. 13. 33, Vrinda Madhava. 40. 5)
Mukha Roga (Diseases of mouth): The extract of Darvi (Rasanjana) with honey destroys the diseases of the mouth, and disorders of blood and sinus. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 26. 202; also Ashtanga Hridya Uttara Tantra. 22. 105, Vrinda Madhava. 58. 81)
Pratishaya (Coryza): Smoking should be used with sticks made of Darvi, Ingudi, Kanti, Kinihi, and Tulasi. (Vrinda Madhava. 60. 16)
Netra Vikara (Eye diseases)
- Milk boiled with Daruharidra cooled and mixed with a little rock salt should be used for washing eyes or Sunthi rubbed with breast- milk and mixed with ghee should be used as collyrium. (Sushruta Samhita Uttara Tantra. 9. 23)
- The decoction made of Darvi 40 gm with water 640 ml reduced to one-eighth is mixed with honey and used for washing. It is useful in inflammation of the eyes caused by all dosas. (Ashtanga Hridya Uttara Tantra. 16. 8)
- Eye-drop should be used in the decoction of Darvi and Prapaundarika. (Ashtanga Hridya Uttara Tantra. 16. 33)
- Rasanjana combined with Trikatu is made into pills that are rubbed and applied as a paste. It destroys Anjananamika (stye) associated with itching and inflammation. (Sharangdhara Samhita. 3. 11. 49)
- In night blindness, a stick made of Rasanjana, Haridra, Daruharidra, leaves of Jati, and Nimba mixed with liquid cow dung is used (as collyrium). (Sharangdhara Samhita. 3. 1385)
Pradara (Vaginal discharge)
- Darrvyadi Kvatha. (Vrinda Madhava. 63. 6)
- Daru Haridra Kwatha (Decoction of Daruharidra) mixed with Madhu (honey) should be taken followed by intake of Tandulodaka (rice water). (Gada Nigreha. 6. 1. 24)
Vishakta (Poison): In case of poisoning, Haridra and Daruharidra are used as a paste, etc. There is no remedy better than these. (Gada Nigreha. 7. 1. 11)
Updansha (Soft chancre): In this disorder, the paste of Rasanjana, Sirisha, and Haritaki mixed with honey should be used. (Sharangdhara Samhita. 3. 11. 107)
Prameha (Diabetes): Darvi and Amalaki juice mixed with honey alleviate Prameha. (Vaidya Manorma. 7. 20)
Vrna (Wound): Oil cooked with Durva juice or Kampillaka or paste of Darvi bark is excellent for healing wounds. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 25. 93)
Aamyik Paryog (Therapeutic uses) of Rasanjana (Semi-solid extract of Daaru Haridra)
Rakta Arsha (Bleeding piles): Rasanjana is boiled with milk until it becomes semi-solid. Then one-fourth powder of Nimba leaves is added to it and made into pills. It is useful in bleeding piles. (Siddha Bhaishjya Mannimala. 4. 239)
Medo Roga (Obesity)
- Rasanjana is the best drug for obesity. (Ashtanga Hridya Uttara Tantra. 40/ 49)
- In obesity, Rasanjana, Brihat Panchamula, Guggulu, Silajatu and decoction of Agnimantha are useful. (Ashtanga Hridya Sutra Sthana. 14. 23)
Kustha (skin disorder)
- Darvi or Rasanjana with cow urine checks leprosy. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 7. 61)
- Rasanjana should be taken internally for a month and also applied as paste externally. (Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 9. 46)
Updansha (Soft chancre): Rasanjana mixed with Sirisa and Haritaki and also honey should be applied externally. It destroys Upadamsa. (Sharangdhara Samhita. 3. 11. 107)
Naadi Vrana (Sinus): Rasanjana, Haridra, Daruharidra, Manjistha, Nimba leaves, Trivit, Tejovati, and Danti- paste of these drugs destroys the sinus. (Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 8. 41)
Pratishaya (Coryza): Oil cooked in Rasanjana, Ativisa, Musta, and Devadaru should be used as snuff. (Sushruta Samhita Uttara tantra. 24. 35)
Puti Karna (Foetid ears): Rasanjana rubbed with breast milk and mixed with honey is useful even in chronic fetid ears with discharge. (Vrinda Madhava. 59. 48)
Netra Vikara (Eye diseases)
- Rasanjana with honey or Kasisa with rocksalt should be applied. (Sushruta Samhita Uttara Tantra. 12. 18, Ashtanga Hriya Uttara Tantra. 11. 11, VrindaMadhava. 61. 68)
- Arjuna-Collyrium should be applied with (1) rock salt, honey, and Kataka (2) Rasanjana with honey, or (3) Kasisa with honey. (Sushruta Samhita Uttara Tantra. 12. 23)
- Ahiputanaka: Rasanjana mixed with honey should be applied to the wound. (Ashtanga Hridya Uttara tantra. 2. 72, Vrinda Madhava. 57. 22)
Kesha Vardhan: By application of the ash of elephant tusk and Rasanjana hairs grow even on palms. (Vrinda Madhava. 57. 84)
Rakta Pradara (Meno-metrorrhagia)
- Rasanjana and Aksa should be taken with goat’s milk. (Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana. 30. 97)
- Rasanjana and Tanduliyaka (root) mixed with honey and taken with rice-water checks all types of Pradara. Similarly, Bharngi with Sunthi alleviates bronchial asthma. (Vrinda Madhava. 63. 7)
Bala Roga (Pediatric disorders): Proctitis- In proctitis Rasanjana is specifically efficacious as intake and paste. (Sushruta Samhita Sharira Sthana. 10. 44, Vrinda Madhava. 66. 21)
- The raw material of Daruharidra Phala or Zarisk is a moist sticky mass of small black fruit most of them are abortive, but a few contain one or two oblong seeds with a thin roughish brown resin, beneath which a membranous covering exists.
- The root- bark, wood, and an extract made from the root- bark are alternatives, and used in skin diseases, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice, and eye affections.
- Daru Haridra Kwatha (decoction of root bark) is given in Vishama Jwara (malarial fever).
- The roots are useful for healing ulcers, urethral discharges in leucorrhea, ophthalmia, jaundice, fevers, and source of an extract (Rasanjana or Rasaunt) which is a medicinal potent and quite useful product of this drug; the extract is used frequently in various ailments in the external mode of application, and the extract is also orally used in certain diseases.
- Daruharidra Satva, known as Rasanjana or Rasaunt (Wood extract) is dark brown, an extract of the consistency of opium having a bitter, astringent taste, readily soluble in water, forming a rich yellowish-brown color.
Benefits of Daru Haridra on Different Systems of Bodies
External use on skin: Shothaghna reduces inflammation or edema, removes pain, cures and heals ulcers, also used for eye diseases. Hence in severe conjunctivitis, the paste is applied around the eyes, and 250 mg Rasanjan mixed with 20 ml. of rosewater is used as eyedrops (Or can be applied on eyelids). This fluid can also be applied to the ears in earache or ear discharge. In Mukha Roga and Kantha Roga (diseases of the mouth and throat), Rasanjan is used for gargling. Rasanjan can be used to wash wounds, or its paste can be applied to ulcers. Chancroid ulcers, goiter, fistula, erysipelas, and other diseases are treated by the application of the paste. Vaginal discharges are treated by the douche prepared from berberis. Puerperal diseases are treated by the application of rasanjan on perianal wounds.
Digestive system: Appetiser, liver stimulant, cholagogue but astringent. A larger dose is a laxative. The fruit is very tasty. Because of these actions, Daruharidra is a Uttam Aushadha in Agnimandya, Atisara (dysentery), Kamala (jaundice), and other Yakrit Vikara (liver disorders). The tablet of Rasanjan prepared in radish juice is useful in bleeding piles. It is also effective in diarrhea. It is also very effective to cure cholera.
Circulatory system: Blood purifier and hemostatic agent. Daruharidra decoction is given in syphilis and other sexual diseases. Hematemesis, Malena, and menorrhagia respond only to Rasanjan or coagulant preparations + rasanjan. Reduces pus. Daruharidra acts on Rakta dhatu. Because of Daruharidra, the inactive forms of malarial parasite in the spleen come out in the bloodstream and this is very useful for the diagnostic test for malarial parasite by peripheral smear.
Respiratory system: It is useful in the treatment of cough being Kaphaghna.
Reproductive system: Useful in Garbhashya Shotha and Pradara (uterine inflammations and vaginal discharges).
Skin: Diaphoretic, useful in diseases of the skin like pruritus, boils, etc. Daru Haridra decoction is useful in cleansing wounds. Rasanjan + honey is used externally in puerperal diseases. It is especially useful for ulcers. The Kwatha of Daru Haridra (decoction) is used for gargling in Mukha Paka (stomatitis).
Temperature: Febrifuge and diaphoretic and is a prophylactic treatment for typhoid, hence it is useful in common fever and also in chronic fever. It causes sweating, is antipyretic, and is useful in recurrent malaria. When malarial parasites hide in the liver, quinine is not effective, but Daruharidra is very effective. After administering a mild laxative, 1 gm. of Rasanjan is dissolved in water and given 3 to 4 times a day. Then the patient is covered with thick clothes and blankets and made to sleep. After a while, the patient will feel thirsty but should not be given water. After an hour there will be sweating. The sweat should be wiped clean. Ushana Ksheera (Warm milk) or sage kheer should be given orally. This preserves and increases the patient’s strength. The ever is reduced and there is a reduction in hepatosplenomegaly.
Satmikaran: It is bitter and strengthening, hence useful in general debility blankets and made to sleep. After a while, the patient will feel thirsty but should not be given water. After an hour there will be sweating. The sweat should be wiped clean. Warm milk or sage kheer should be given orally. This preserves and increases the patient’s strength. The ever is reduced and there is a reduction in hepatosplenomegaly.
Matra (Therapeutic Administration and Dosage) of Daru Haridra
- Rasanjana: 0.5 to 1 gram
- Kwath (Decoction): 50- 100 ml
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Classical Reference of Daru Haridra
Bhava Prakasha Nighantu Haritakyadi Varga- 201- 202
Synonyms
दार्वी दारुहरिद्रा च पर्जन्या पर्जनीति च |
कटड्कटेरी पीता च भवेत्सैव पचम्पचा ||
सैव कालीयक; प्रोक्तस्तथा कालेयको अपि च |
पीतद्रुश्च हरिद्रश्च पीत दारु च पीतकम् ||
Bhava Prakasha Nighantu Haritakyadi Varga- 202
Properties and action
दार्वी निशागुणा किन्तु नेत्र कर्णस्यरोगनुत् ||
Dhanwantri Nighantu Guduchyadi Varga- 59
Properties and action
तिक्ता दारूहरिद्रा स्याद रूक्षोष्णा व्रण मेहजित् |
कर्ण नेत्र मुखोद्धतां रूजां कण्डूं च नाशयेत ||
Kaiydeva Nighantu Aushadi Varga, 117
तद्वद दार्वी विशेषेण कर्ण नेत्रास्य रोगजित् |
Raja Nighantu Pipplyadi varga, 202
तिक्ता दारूहरिद्रा तु कटुष्णा व्रणमेहनुत् |
कण्डूविसर्पत्वग्दोष विषकर्णाक्षिदोषहा ||
Priya Nighantu Shatpushpadi varga, 174
दार्वी दारुहरिद्रा स्यातिक्तोष्णा कफपित्तनुत् |
यक्रद्वोगे प्रमेहे च रक्तदोषे व्रणे हिता ||
Bhava Prakasha Nighantu Haritakyadi Varga- 203- 205
रसांजन
दार्वीक्वाथसमं क्षीरं पाद॑ पक्त्वा यदा घनम् |
तदा रसांजनाख्य॑ तन्नेत्रयो: परम॑ हितम ||
रसंजनम तार्क्षशैल॑ रसगर्भश्च ताक्षर्यजम् |
रसंजनम कटु शलेष्म विष नेत्र विकारनुत् ||
उष्ण॑ रसायन तिक्तम छेदनं व्रणदोषहत् |
Priya Nighantu Shatpushpadi varga, 174
रसाज्जन॑ कृत दार्वीक्वाथेन क्षीरसंमितम् |
तिक्तमुष्ण॑ व्रणा स्त्रावहरं नेत्र्यं परम् मतम ||
Kaiydeva Nighantu Aushadhi Varga, 117
सैवकालीयक: प्रोक्तस्तथा कालीयको अपि च |
तदव दार्वी विशेषेण कर्णनेत्रास्य रोगजित् ||
Bhava Parkasha
दार्वी कुटजवत्पत्रै: अंकोलो सदृशो गिरौ |
क्षीरिणी सा भवेत् तस्या: क्वाथेन स्याद्रसांजनम् ||
Chakra Dutta Unmada Chikitsa, 20- 46
उन्मादे दार्व्यादि गुटिका |
दार्वीमधुभ्यां पुष्यायां कृतञ्च गुडिका अंजनम |
Bhavaprakasha Stri Roga Adhikara, 68- 18
प्रदर दार्व्यादि क्वाथं
दार्वी रसांजनं किरातवृषाब्द बिल्व सक्षौद्र चन्ददिनेशभव प्रसूनै: |
क्वाथ: कृत मधुयुतो विधिना निपीतों रक्त सितच्न सरुजं प्रदरं निहन्ति ||
Chakra Dutta Bhagandra Chikitsa, 46- 6
नाडी व्रण चिकित्सायां रसांजनादि कल्कः
Raja Vallabha Nighantu
नेत्राभिष्यन्दे
दार्वी विशेषेण कफाभिष्यन्दनाशिनी |
Chakra Dutta 55- 25
अहिपूतनकोपचारार्थ रसांजन प्रयोग:
रसांजनं विशेषेण पानालेपनभयोर्हितम |
Chakra Dutta Karna Roga Chikitsa, 57- 51
पूतिकर्णोपचारार्थ रसांजनादि पूरणम्
घृष्टं रसांजनं नार्या: क्षीरिण क्षौद्रसंयु्तम् |
प्रशस्यते चिरोत्थे अपिसास्रावे पूति कर्णके ||
Chakra Dutta Bala Roga Chikitsa, 64- 44
शिशौ गुदपाक शमनाय रसांजन प्रयोग:
गुदपाके तु बालानां पित्तघ्नी कारयेत् क्रियाम् |
रसांजनं विशेषण पानालेपनमोर्हितम् ||
Vaidya Manorma, 7- 20
प्रमेहे
ग्रहान गजेन्द्रो विष्णो प्रसादेन यथा तथा |
तद्वत् क्षौद्रान्विता दार्वी पीतश्वामलकी रसः ||
Raja Amrittanda
ग्रह उपशमनार्थं
कुष्माण्डोफल सलिलेन पुष्य संज्ञे नक्षत्रेमसृणतर प्रपिष्य दार्वीम् |
कर्तव्य॑ नयनयुगे अंजनम प्रशस्तनि: शेष ग्रह रजनीचरोपशान्त्यै ||
Vrinda Madhava, 63- 6
असृग्दरे
दार्व्यादिक्वाथ: |
Shodhala Nighnatu, Pradara Adhikara, 6- 1- 24
श्वेत प्रदरे
पिबेदारहरिद्राया: क्वाथं वा मधु संयुतम |
पाण्डु प्रदर शान्त्यर्थ पाययेत्तण्डुलाम्बुना ||
Shodhala Nighnatu, Gada Nigreha, 7- 3- 11
सर्पविषे
हरिद्रे तु हिते ख्याते ताभ्यां नास्ति सम क्वचित |
अगदस्तु विषार्तानां प्रलेपादिप्रयोजित: ||
Sharangdhara Samhita, 3- 11- 107
उपदंशे
रसांजन शिरीषेण पथ्यया च समन्वितम् |
सक्षौद्र॑ लेपन॑ योज्यमुपदंशगदापहम् ||
Sharangdhara Samhita, 3- 13- 85
नक्त आंध्ये
रसांजन हरिद्रे द्वे मालती निम्ब पल्लवा: |
गोशकृद्रसंयुक्ता वर्ति नक्तान्ध्य नाशिनी ||
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 16- 17
पाण्डुरोगे दार्व्यादिलेहम्
Sharangdhara Samhita
नेत्ररोगे
रसांजनं व्योषयुतं सपिष्टें वटकी कृतम् |
कण्डूपाकान्विता हन्ति लेपादज्जनामिकाम् ||
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 13, 25- 93
व्रण रोपणार्थम्
दार्वीत्वचश्च कल्केन प्रधान व्रणरोपणम् |
Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 13, 11- 9
पिष्टमेहे
पिष्टमेहिनम् हरिद्राया दारुदरिद्रा कषायम |
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 26/ 53
मूत्रकृच्छे
दार्वी तथैवामलकी रसेन समाक्षिकं पित्त कृते तु कृच्छे |
Ashtanga Hridya Chikitsa Sthana, 13- 33, Vrinda Madhava, 40- 5
श्लेष्मिक वृद्धौ
गो मूत्रेण पिबेत्कल्क॑ श्लैष्मिके पीतदारुकम् |
Ashtanga Hridya Uttara Tantra, 16
सर्वदोषप्रकुषिते नेत्रे
षोडशभि: सलिलपलै: पल तत्रैक॑ कण्टकण्टयो सिद्धम् |
सेको अष्ट भागावशिष्ट: क्षौद्रयुक्त: सर्वदोष प्रकुपिते नेत्रे ||
Chkra Dutta, 47- 9
सर्व लिङ्ग विकार – उपदंश- चिकित्सायां रजाज्जनादि कल्क:
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 7/ 61
कुष्ठ
दार्वी रसांजन वा गोमूत्रेण प्रबाधते कुष्ठम् |
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 7/ 97- 98
कुष्ठ नाशक कषाय
दार्वी रसांजनस्य च |
इतिषट् कषाययोग: कुष्ठ्घ्न …|
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 26/ 202, Chakra Dutta, 56- 34
मुखरोगादया: दार्वीक्वाथम्
स्वरस: क्वथितो दार्व्या घनीभूतो रसक्रिया |
सक्षौद्रा मुखरोगासृग्दोष नाडीव्रणापहा ||
Sushruta Samhita Sharira Sthana, 10/ 47, Vrinda Madhava, 66- 21
बालरोगे (गुदपाके)
गुदपाके तु बालानां पित्तघ्नी कारयेत् क्रियान् |
रसांजन विशेषेण पानालेपनयोहिर्ततम् ||
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 7/ 94
कुष्ठ नाशक लेप:
श्वेतकरवीमूल॑ कुंटजकरज्यो: फल त्वचो दार्व्या: |
सुमन प्रवाल युक्तो लेप कुष्ठापहा: |
Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana, 30/ 96, 97
योनिस्त्रावे-प्रदरोगे
तण्डलीयकमूल तु स क्षौद्रं तण्डुलाम्बुना ||
रसांजनं च लाक्षा च च्छागेन पयसा पिबेत् ||
Bhava Parkasha Updansha Adhikara, 51- 32
सर्वांग व्याप्तोपदंशो उपचारार्थ रसांजनं लेप
रसांजन शिरीषेण पथ्ययो वा समन्वितम् |
सक्षौद्रं लेपनं योज्यं सर्वाज़गदापहम् ||
Bhava Parkasha Updansha Adhikara, 51/ 17- 18
उपदंशे दार्व्यादिलेपम्
त्वचो दारुहरिद्राया: शंख नाभी रसांजनं ||
लाक्षा गोमय निर्यासतैलं क्षौद्रं घृत॑ पय: ||
एभिस्तु पिष्टेस्तुल्यांशैरुपदंशं प्रलेपयेत् |
व्रणाश्च तेन शमयन्ति श्वयथुदाह एष च ||
Bhava Parkasha Shuka Dosha Adhikra, 53- 22
शूकदोषे दार्वी तैलम्
दार्वी सुरस यष्टया हैरगृहधूमानिलायुतै: |
संपकवं तैलमभ्यड्ञामेढ्रो रोगं हि नाशयेत् ||
Bhava Parkasha Madhyama Khanda, Shuka Dosha Adhikara, 53- 23
शूकदोषे रसांजनं लेपम्
रसांजनं साह्ययमेकमेव प्रलेपमात्रेण नयेत्प्रशान्तिम्।
सपूति पूयव्रण शोथकण्डूशूलान्वित॑ सर्वमन अंगरोगान् ||
साह्यमित्यन अंग रोगस्य विशेषेणम् |
अन अंग रोगस्य नामापि दूरीकरोतीत्यर्थ: ||
Bhava Parkasha Mukha Roga Adhikara, 66- 161
सम्पूर्ण मुखरोगे (नाड़ी व्रणादि )
स्वरस: कथितो दार्व्या घनीभूतो रसक्रिया।
सक्षौद्र मुखरागासृग्दोषनाडी व्रणापहा ||
Bhavaprakasha Stri Roga Adhikara, 68- 13
सर्व प्रदरे रसांजनं
रसांजनं तण्डुलकस्य मूल क्षौद्रान्वित॑ तण्डलतोयपीतम् |
असुग्दरं सर्वभवं निहन्ति श्वासञ्च भार्गी सह नागरेण ||
Specific Formulation of Daru Haridra
- Darvyadi Kwatha for Pradara
- Darvyadi Leha for Pandu, Kamala
- Rasanjana Lepa for Updansha
- Rasanjanadi Varti for Akshi Roga
- Darvyadi Gutikanjana for Unmada (as Anjana)
- Darvyadi Taila for Shuka, Updansha.
- Rasanjanadi Churna
- Khadirarishta
- Punarnava Mandura
- ChandraPrabha Vati
- Chandanadi Vati
- Vishgarbha Taila
- Phalatrikadi Kwatha
Contraindication and Side Effects of Daru Haridra
Daru Haridra does not exhibit any side effects if taken in the prescribed dosage. Overdosage and use for a longer duration may exhibit side effects like vomiting, excessive sweating, and diarrhea. For safety, avoid the use of Daru Haridra during pregnancy and the lactation period.
Suggestive Reading Regarding Berberis aristata
- Komal, Sharma & Ranjan, Bairwa & Neelam, Chauhan & Birendra, Shrivastava & Saini, Neeraj. (2011). Berberis aristata: A Review. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy.
- Choudhary, Shailja & Kaurav, Hemlata & S., Madhusudan & Chaudhary, Gitika. (2021). Daruharidra (Berberis aristata): Review based upon its Ayurvedic Properties. International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology. 8. 98- 106. 10. 31033/ ijrasb. 8. 2. 12.
- Salehi B, Selamoglu Z, Sener B, Kilic M, Kumar Jugran A, de Tommasi N, Sinisgalli C, Milella L, Rajkovic J, Flaviana B Morais-Braga M, F Bezerra C, E Rocha J, D M Coutinho H, Oluwaseun Ademiluyi A, Khan Shinwari Z, Ahmad Jan S, Erol E, Ali Z, Adrian Ostrander E, Sharifi-Rad J, de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Segura-Carretero A, Cho WC. Berberis Plants-Drifting from Farm to Food Applications, Phytotherapy, and Phytopharmacology. Foods. 2019 Oct 22; 8 (10): 522. doi: 10. 3390/ foods 8100522. PMID: 31652576; PMCID: PMC 6836240.
- Rathi, B. & Sahu, J. & Koul, Sameksha & Khosa, R.L. (2013). Salient features of Berberis aristata and Berberis asiatica: A comparative pharmacognostical study. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 5. 40- 42.
- Tiwari, Umeshkumar. (2014). Genus Berberis (Daru Haridra): An Important Medicinal Plant group. Heritage Amruth. 10. 37- 38.
- Utkar, Drsonesh & Bhor, Dr. (2015). A review article on controversy of Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC.). Ayurved Patrika. July. 30.
- Bano, Mehnaz & Ahmed, Bilal. (2017). Berberis aristata DC. An updated review of its botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology along with its ethnomedicinal uses. International Journal of Research. 4. 3936- 3949.
- Potdar, Dipti & Hirwani, Rajkumar & Dhulap, Sivakami. (2012). Phyto-chemical and pharmacological applications of Berberis aristata. Fitoterapia. 83. 817- 30. 10. 1016/ j. fitote. 2012. 04. 012.
- Ahamad, Javed & Mir, Showkat R. & Ali, Faraat. (2020). A Critical Review on the Unexplored Therapeutic Treasure of Himalayan Ayurvedic Drug Daruharidra (Berberis Aristata). Current Traditional Medicine. 06. 10. 2174/ 2215083806999201117160106.
- Saravanakumar, Tamilselvi. (2014). A REVIEW ON THE PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF THE HERBALS TRADED AS ‘DARUHARIDRA’. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 5. 556 – 570.
- Rathi B, Sahu J, Koul S, Kosha RL. Detailed pharmacognostical studies on Berberis aristata DC plant. Anc Sci Life. 2013 Apr; 32 (4): 234- 40. doi: 10. 4103/ 0257- 7941.131981. PMID: 24991073; PMCID: PMC 4078475.
- Sood H, Kumar Y, Gupta VK, Arora DS. Scientific validation of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Berberis aristata DC root bark, its phytoconstituents, and their biosafety. AMB Express. 2019 Sep 11; 9 (1): 143. doi: 10. 1186/ s13568- 019- 0868- 4. PMID: 31512002; PMCID: PMC 6738363.
- Neag MA, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Pop RM, Bocsan CI, Crişan G, Buzoianu AD. Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Aug 21; 9: 557. doi: 10. 3389/ fphar. 2018. 00557. PMID: 30186157; PMCID: PMC 6111450.
- Sangu, Pavan Kumar & Vidyasagar, Mulugu & Vasanth, P. (2010). Effect of Daruharidra Rasakriya on Pravahika (Amoebiasis). International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. 1. 10. 47552/ ijam. v1i1.14.
- Saravanakumar, Tamilselvi. (2014). A REVIEW ON THE PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF THE HERBALS TRADED AS ‘DARUHARIDRA’. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 5. 556 – 570.
- Bhatnagar A, Saini R, Dagar P, Mishra A. Molecular modeling and in vitro studies of Daruharidra as a potent alpha-amylase inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2022 Apr 12: 1-12. doi: 10. 1080/ 07391102. 2022. 2058093. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35412420.
- Choudhary, S., Kaurav, H., S., M., & Chaudhary, G. (2021). Daruharidra (Berberis aristata): Review based upon its Ayurvedic Properties. International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 8 (2), 98– 106.
- Bhanu Malhotra, B. Malhotra, Giriraj T. Kulkarni, G. T. Kulkarni, Neerupma Dhiman, N. Dhiman, D.D. Joshi, D. Joshi, Subhash Chander, S. Chander, Amit Kharkwal, A. Kharkwal, Arun K. Sharma, A. K. Sharma, & Harsha Kharkwal, H. Kharkwal. (0000). Recent advances on Berberis aristata emphasize berberine alkaloids including phytochemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery system. Journal of herbal medicine, 27, 100433. doi: 10. 1016/ j. harmed. 2021. 100433
- Cossiga V, Lembo V, Guarino M, Tuccillo C, Morando F, Pontillo G, Fiorentino A, Caporaso N, Morisco F. Berberis aristata, Elaeis guineensis and Coffea canephora Extracts Modulate the Insulin Receptor Expression and Improve Hepatic Steatosis in NAFLD Patients: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 16; 11 (12): 3070. doi: 10. 3390/ nu11123070. PMID: 31888241; PMCID: PMC 6950467.
- Mazumder, Papiya & Das, Saumya & Das, Sanjita & Das, Manas. (2011). Phyto-pharmacology of Berberis aristata DC: A Review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 1. 10. 22270/ jddt. v1i2. 34.
- Potdar D, Hirwani RR, Dhulap S. Phyto-chemical and pharmacological applications of Berberis aristata. Fitoterapia. 2012 Jul; 83 (5): 817- 30. doi: 10. 1016/ j. fitote. 2012. 04. 012. PMID: 22808523.
- Srivastava, Sharad & Rawat, Ajay. (2013). Quality Evaluation of Ayurvedic Crude Drug Daruharidra, Its Allied Species, and Commercial Samples from Herbal Drug Markets of India. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM. 2013. 472973. 10. 1155/ 2013/ 472973.
- Pasrija A, Singh R, Katiyar CK. Validated HPLC-UV method for the determination of berberine in raw herb Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC), its extract, and in commercially marketed Ayurvedic dosage forms. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010 Oct; 1 (4): 243- 6. doi: 10. 4103/ 0974- 7788. 76789. PMID: 21455453; PMCID: PMC 3059448.
- Derosa G, D’Angelo A, Romano D, Maffioli P. Effects of a Combination of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum and Monacolin on Lipid Profile in Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk; A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 7; 18 (2): 343. doi: 10. 3390/ ijms18020343. PMID: 28178209; PMCID: PMC 5343878.
- Nimisha, Rizvi DA, Fatima Z, Neema, Kaur CD. Antipsoriatic and Anti-inflammatory Studies of Berberis aristata Extract Loaded Nano vesicular Gels. Pharmacognosy Mag. 2017 Oct; 13 (Suppl 3): S587- S594. doi: 10. 4103/ pm. pm_210_17. Epub 2017 Sep 8. PMID: 29142419; PMCID: PMC5669102.
- Mos NS. IDENTIFICATION OF DARU-HARIDRA: (Coscinium fenestratum). Ancient Science Life. 1983 Jan; 2 (3): 135- 6. PMID: 22556968; PMCID: PMC 3336755.
- Malhotra, Bhanu & Kulkarni, Giriraj & Dhiman, Neerupma & Kumar, Arun & London, Harsha Kharkwal. (2021). Recent advances on Berberis aristata emphasize berberine alkaloids including phytochemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery system. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 27. 100433. 10. 1016/ j. harmed. 2021.100433.
- Rathi B, Sahu J, Koul S, Kosha RL. Detailed pharmacogenetic studies on Berberis aristata DC plant. Ancient Science Life. 2013 Apr; 32 (4): 234- 40. Doi: 10. 4103/ 0257- 7941. 131981. PMID: 24991073; PMCID: PMC4078475.
References
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- Bhavamishra. In: Bhava Prakasha Nighantu, Haritkyadi Varga 11th ed. part 2. Brahma Shankara Mishra., editor. Varanasi: Choukhambha Bharati Academy; 2009.
- Bhavprakasha, commentary by Bulusu Sitaram, forwarded by K.C.Chunekar
- Sharma PV, Kaideva Nighantu. Aushadhi Varga. Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi; 2006:
- Tripathi I., Raja Nighantu, Pipplyadi Varga, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi; 2010
- Dhanwantri Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi.
- Priya Nighantu by P. V. Sharma, Shatpushpadi Varga Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; Varanasi.
- Vaidya Manorma, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi.
- Vrinda Madhava
- Shodhala Nighantu, Gada Nigreha
- Dr. Gyanendra Pandey, Dravyaguna Vigyana, reprint 2012, Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy
- K. Niteshwar Dravyaguna Vigyan, reprint 2017.
- Dr. J.L.N. Sastry and Dr. B.S. Sastry, Dravyaguna Vigyana, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi.
- Chakrapanidatta, Chakradatta with the vaidya Prabha hindi commentary by indra deva tripathi, chaukambha sanskrita sansthan, varanasi 2nd Edition, 1994.
Ayurveda is an Indian system of medicine that is popular since ancient times. Dr. Gupta’s IAFA® has been conducting research studies to find out different phytoconstituents of herbs and their action in the body. Such knowledge acquired by our experts is used in the preparation of medicines and providing the treatment facilities safely and effectively. IAFA® is the provider of safe and effective treatment for a wide range of diseases, mainly allergic diseases all based on Ayurveda.
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