Manikya (Ruby)

Know the Astrological and Ayurvedic benefits of Manikya (Ruby). Manikya (Ruby) is an extremely strong stone and is considered the stone of the kings.

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Manikya (Ruby) – The Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits

Introduction

Manikya (Ruby) is an extremely strong stone and is considered the stone of the kings. Manikya is a valuable variety of corundum mineral species including sapphires. Manikya has lured people of all centuries. The reference to Manikya is found in Srimad Bhagavatam Geeta, the stories of Mahabharata, and in the Brihat Samhita. From the period of Samhita, the therapeutic uses of Manikya were thought about. Later with the development of the Rasa Shastra, the purification, incineration, pishti preparation and the therapeutic utility of all Ratna like Manikya, Mukta, etc are in practice. Manikya is a blood-red colored gemstone. The red color of the ruby is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. The name of the Manikya comes from the word rubber, Latin from red. Chemically it is aluminum oxide with a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale and specific gravity of 4. The Manikya resembles the color of the Rakta Kamala Patra, which is beautiful to look at, has a lustrous outer surface and which is round, smooth, and long-bodied is identified as the best variety of Manikya and used for pharmaceutical purposes. The Bhasma prepared from Manikya is ‘Medhya’ (intellect promoter), it possesses madhura rasa and Rasayana property. It is a good appetizer and aphrodisiac. Its judicious use provides ‘longevity’. It mitigates vata, pitta, and kapha dosha. It possesses ‘snigdha’ guna and is indicated in Kshaya Roga. As it is aphrodisiac, it corrects erectile dysfunction in males. Since ancient times, Manikya was the most desirable treasure, which is considered the source of positive energy. It is the rarest element on the earth that amplified the elegance of the necklace, and crown, and was a sign of nobility, wealth, etc. Manikya influences the character of the sun and strengthens to improve our maternal and paternal relationship. Along with this Manikya builds goodwill and professional excellence. Manikya also ensures emotional healing, and mental peace and provides a luxurious lifestyle to the wearer.

Benefits of Manikya in Astrology

Ratna indicated as per Astrological science to nullify the maleficent effect of various planets (Grahas) and to treat the Roga (disorders) related to that particular planet.

Planet	Gem Used
Sun (Surya)	Manikya (Ruby)
Moon (Chandra)	Mukta (Pearl)
Mars (Mangala)	Vidruma (Coral)
Mercury (Buddha)	Markat (Emerald)
Jupiter (Guru)	Pushapraga (Topaz)
Venus (Shukra)	Vajra (Diamond)
Saturn (Shani)	Neelam (Blue sapphire)
Rahu	Gomeda (Hessonite)
Ketu	Vaidurya (Cat’s Eye Stone)

Diseases induced by maleficent effects of planets (Greha Roga) or diseases induced by Dushkarma (sinful deeds) done by the Rogi (patient) i.e Karma Vipaka Siddhanta.

Planet	Diseases Caused
Sun	Shoth (Inflammation in the body), Apsmar (Epilepsy), Paitikavikara, Jawara (Fever), Diseases of the eye, skin, and bone, rational fears, Bites from poisonous reptiles like snakes, weakening the digestive system, constipation causing.
Moon	Sleep diseases such as Anidra (insomnia) or somnambulism (sleepwalking), Kaphaj Kasa, Atisara, Alsaya, Agnimandya (Loss of appetite), Aruchi (Disinterest in food), Kamala (Jaundice), Chitudvega, Grehani, Hydrophobia, Fear of animals with horns, Problems concerning women, Hallucinations.
Mars	Trishna (Excessive thirst), Bilious disorders, Flatulence, Excessive fear of fire, Gulma, appendicitis, Kustha (Leprosy), eye disorder, Apsmar (Epilepsy), Rakta Vikara, Majja Vikar (Bone marrow diseases), Kandu (Itching), Ruksha Twaka (Rough skin).
Mercury	Lack of self-confidence, Gala Rog (Throat problems like goiter, etc.), Nasagata Rog (Nose Diseases), Vata- Kaphaj Roga, Cold and Cough, Flatulence, Poisoning. Twaka Dosha (Skin diseases), Vicharchika. Jaundice.
Jupiter	Gulma, Appendicitis, Karan Vedna (an ear disease), Sanyas.Frequent litigation, Problems with friends, parents, and relatives.
Venus	Pandu (Anaemia), Netra Roga (Disorders of the eye), Flatulence, Cough, Mutrakrich (Urinary disease), Prameha (Diabetes), Syphilis, Shukra-Vyapati (Low sperm count), Impotence, Dryness of Mouth, Constipation, Irrational fears.
Saturn	Flatulence, Cough, Pain in the legs, Excessive Fatigue, Illusion, Daha (Excessive heat in the body), Mental shocks, Personal calamities, and Accidents causing temporary or lasting wounds.
Rahu	Heart diseases such as an attack, Shotha (Inflammation), Kushtha (Leprosy), illusions, hallucinations, disease due to poisoning, excessive hurt, and wounds.
Ketu	Unknown mysterious diseases, cannot be easily found by doctors.

Rashi or Zodiac Sign that Can Wear Ruby

According to the astrological sign, the people with the Sun (Surya) in a particular position in the horoscope can wear Ruby to get maximum benefits.

Singha Rashi sign i.e., Leo can wear Ruby as per Indian and Western astrology. Along with the people with below mentioned Rashi or zodiac sign can also wear Manikya (Ruby) but with careful consultation with the astrological experts:

Karka Rashi (Cancer)
Mesha Rashi (Aries)
Vrishchika Rashi (Scorpion)
Dhanu Rashi (Saggitarius)

Book Reference of Manikya (Ruby)

Which Manikya (Ruby) is Best to Use in Astrology (Jyotisha Shastra)?

Various types of Rubies are used some according to their origin or some according to their color like Mozambique ruby, Tanzanian ruby, Burmese Ruby, etc. But for astrological use, most astrologers recommend using the Burmese Ruby which has an origin in Burma presently known as Myanmar. Commonly suggested ruby for astrological uses is as follows:

Burmese Ruby
Mozambique Ruby (African Ruby)
Afghanistan Ruby
Tanzanian Ruby
Indian Ruby

Burmese Ruby

Burmese or Burma Ruby is considered one of the finest Rubies in the world. In the cosmic collection of Manikya Ratna, the Burmese Ruby is an exceptionally rare variety and the most popular variety of the Ruby stone. Burmese Ruby is the highest quality of Manikya that is sourced from Myanmar that was previously known as Burma.

Mozambique Ruby (African Ruby)

Mozambique Ruby is the premium variety of Manikya Ratna that is the discovery of the 21st century. Unheated Mozambique is the most expensive Ratna available in the market today. Mozambique Ruby is very high in demand but is available very limited. In Mozambique Ruby high iron is found which has a slightly different color (i.e. Brown tone) from the Ruby that is found in Myanmar i.e. Burmese or pigeon red ruby.

Afghanistan Ruby

Afghanistan has the oldest Ratna/ Gems mine in the world and Afghanistan is considered an important source of Manikya i.e., Jagdalek region. In Afghanistan, 15% of Ruby, 75% of Blue sapphires, and 5% of pink sapphires are found. Afghanistan Rubies are purplish red to red and are marble hosted and are frequently carving grade.

Tanzanian Ruby

Tanzanian Ruby is considered the color of passion, love, and romance and is rarer than diamond. Tanzanian ruby is collected from Longido and Lossongonoi (northern) and Morogoro (central) parts of the country Tanzania. Burj Alhamal is the world’s biggest rough ruby from Tanzania i.e., 2.8 kg. The Hardness of the Tanzanian Ruby is 9 with a refractive index of 1.762 to 1.778.

Indian Ruby

The Manikya found in India is the strongest astrological Ratna that is worn to get high social status. Indian rubies are not transparent but are opaque and cabochon shaped. The Manikya that is collected from the Karur mines of India is transparent and of good quality but is not a major ruby supplier on the world market. Indian ruby is composed of oxygen, chromium, iron, and aluminum. Granulite is the host rock of ruby that is found in the Karur mines and is somewhat similar to the host rock that is found in African rubies i.e., Mozambique rubies.

How to Wear Manikya (Ruby)?

धारण विधि–

माणिक्य रत्न रविवार को सूर्य की होरा में, कृतिका, उत्तराफाल्गुनी, उत्तराषाढ़ा नक्षत्रों, रविपुष्य योग में सोने अथवा ताँबे की अँगूठी में जड़वाकर तथा सूर्य के बीजमन्त्रों द्वारा अँगूठी अभिमन्त्रित करकेnअनामिका अँगुली में धारण करना चाहिए। इसका वजन ३, ५ अथवा ९ रत्ती के क्रम से होना चाहिए |

Manikya Ratna should be worn on the ring finger on Sunday in Sun’s Hora, Krutika, Uttara Phalguni, Uttarashada Nakshatras, Ravipushya Yoga by inlaying it in a gold or copper ring and inviting the ring by Surya’s seed mantras. Its weight should be in the order of 3, 5 or 9 ratti.

सूर्य बीज मन्त्र – ओं, हां, ह्रीं ,हौंसः सूर्याय नम: ।

धारण करने के पश्चात्‌ गायत्री मन्त्र की तीन माला का पाठ; हवन एवं सूर्य भगवान को विधिपूर्वक अर्ध्य प्रदान करना तथा ताम्र बर्तन, कनक, नारियल, मानक, गुड़, लाल वस्त्रादि सूर्य से सम्बन्धित वस्तुओं का दान करना चाहिए।

विधिपूर्वक माणिक्य धारण करने से राजकीय क्षेत्रों में प्रतिष्ठा, भाग्योन्नति, पुत्र सन्तान लाभ, तेजबल में वृद्धिकारक तथा हृदय रोग, चक्षुरोग, रक्त विकार, शरीर दौर्बल्यादि में लाभकारी होता है। मेष, कर्क, सिंह, तुला, वृश्चिक एवं धनु राशि अथवा इसी लग्न वालों को मानक धारण करना शुभ लाभप्रद करता है अथवा जिनकी चन्द्र कुण्डली में सूर्य योगकारक होता हुआ भी प्रभावी न हो रहा हो, उन्हें भी माणिक्य धारण शुभ रहता है।

Recitation of three rosaries of the Gayatri Mantra after wearing; Offer oblations to Havan and Sun God in a systematic way and donate items related to Sun-like copper utensils, Kanak, coconut, standard, jaggery, red cloth, etc.

Wearing Manikya methodically is beneficial for prestige, fortune, son, and child in government areas, it increases energy and is beneficial in heart disease, eye disease, a blood disorder, body weakness, etc. Aries, Cancer, Leo, Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius people or people of this ascendant are auspicious by wearing a standard or in whose moon horoscope Sun is not effective even though it is Yogkarak, it is also auspicious to wear ruby.

Vedic Siddhanta of Wearing Manikya (Ruby)

माणिक्य धारण करने के लिए ३ रत्ती से अधिक वजन के माणिक्य को ५ रत्ती से अधिक वजन वाली ताँबे मिश्रित स्वर्ण की अँगूठी में जड़वाना चाहिए। जो सोने की अँगूठी बनवाने में समर्थ न हों उन्हें ताँबें की ही अँगूठी बनवानी चाहिए। क्योंकि सूर्य का प्रतिनिधि धातु ताँबा ही है। माणिक्य के अभाव में लालड़ी आदि किसी अन्य उपरत्न को जड़वाना चाहिए। अँगूठी का मध्य भाग छिद्रयुक्त होना चाहिए। जिससे रत्न का निचला भाग उँगली की त्वचा से स्पर्श करता रहे । दायें हाथ की अनामिका उँगली को सूर्य की उँगली मानते हैं ।

To wear a ruby, a ruby weighing more than 3 carats should be studded in a copper mixed gold ring weighing more than 5 carats. Those who are not able to get a gold ring made, they should get a copper ring made. Because the representative metal of the sun is copper only. In the absence of Manikya, any other gemstone like Laldi, etc. should be fixed. The middle part of the ring should be perforated. So that the lower part of the stone keeps touching the skin of the finger. The ring finger of the right hand is considered to be the finger of the Sun.

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When to Wear Manikya?

अँगूठी रविवार के दिन पुष्य नक्षत्र या कृतिका, उत्तरा फाल्गुनी एवं उत्तराषाढ़ नक्षत्र में दिन में प्रात: नौ बजे से बारह बजे के मध्य अँगूठी तैयार करानी चाहिए। अँगूठी तैयार हो जाने पर उसी दिन उपरोक्त नक्षत्र में ही अथवा अन्य किसी रविवार को पुष्य कृतिका, उत्तरा फाल्गुनी या उत्तराषाढ़ नक्षत्र में प्रात: नौ बजे से बारह बजे के मध्य रत्न जड़ित अँगूठी को यथाविधि पूजन करने के पश्चात्‌ ही धारण करना चाहिये।

On Sunday, the ring should be prepared in Pushya Nakshatra or Kritika, Uttara Falguni, and Uttarashada Nakshatra between 9 am to 12 noon. After the ring is ready, the ring studded with gems should be worn in Pushya Kritika, Uttara Falguni, or Uttarashada Nakshatra on the same day itself or any other Sunday between 9 am and 12 noon in the morning after worshiping it properly.

पूजन विधि-

पाँच तोले चाँदी का सूर्यासन बनवाते हैं तथा सवा दो ग्राम वजन के सोने की सूर्य की प्रतिमा बनवाते हैं । मूर्ति को आसन में प्रतिष्ठित कर उसके पास ही रत्न जड़ित अँगूठी को रखते हैं, तत्पश्चात्‌ सूर्य की प्रतिमा व अँगूठी को षोडशोपचार पूजन कर सूर्य के मन्त्र द्वारा अँगूठी को अभिमन्त्रित करते हैं।

A Suryasan is made of five tolas of silver and an idol of Surya is made of gold weighing two and a quarter grams. After consecrating the idol in a seat, a ring studded with gems is kept near it, after that worshiping the idol of Sun and the ring in Shodashopachar, the ring is invoked by chanting the mantra of the Sun.

सूर्य मंत्र – ॐ श्री कृष्णेन रजसा वर्तमानो निवेशयत्रमतम्मरय ज्वहिरण्येन सविता रक्षेना देवीयाति भुवनानि पश्यन्‌ || श्री सूर्याय नम: ||

तत्पश्चात्‌ अँगूठी के रत्न में सूर्य की प्राण–प्रतिष्ठा सुयोग्य कर्मकाण्डी विद्वान द्वारा करानी चाहिये । पूजन प्राण– प्रतिष्ठा, हवन आदि कर्म समाप्त होने के बाद ब्राह्मण ॐ ह्रीं हं स: सूर्याय नम: स्वाहा मंत्र द्वारा अँगूठी व यजमान को अभिषिक्त कर यजमान के दायें हाथ की अनामिका अँगुली में अँगूठी को पहना दें। तत्पश्चात्‌ यजमान सूर्यासन, सूर्य की मूर्ति तथा माणिक्य या इसके उपरत्न का एक छोटा सा नग यथाशक्ति दक्षिणा के साथ उस कर्मकाण्डी ब्राह्मण को दान देना चाहिये । जो व्यक्ति चाँदी का सूर्यीसन व सूर्य की मूर्ति की प्रतिमा बनवाने में असमर्थ हों उन्हें चाहिये रत्न जड़ित अँगूठी शुक्लपक्ष के किसी रविवार के दिन सूर्योदय के समय धारण करें । धारण करने से पूर्व अँगूठी को कच्चे दूध या गंगा जल में डूबोकर रखना चाहिये । तत्पश्चात शुद्ध जल से स्नान कर पुष्प, चन्दन और धूपबत्ती से पूजन कर निम्न मन्त्र का सात हजार बार (७,००० बार) जाप करना चाहिये।

After that, the consecration of the Sun in the stone of the ring should be done by a well-qualified ritual scholar. After the completion of the rituals of worship, prana-pratishtha, havan, etc., the Brahmin should anoint the ring and the host with the mantra Om Hree Hum Sh Suryaya Namah Swaha and put the ring on the ring finger of the right hand of the host. After that, Yajaman Suryasan, the idol of Surya, and a small piece of ruby or its upper stone should be donated to that ritualistic Brahmin along with Dakshina. The person who is unable to make a silver suryasan and idol of Surya should wear a ring studded with gems at the time of sunrise on any Sunday of Shukla paksha. Before wearing the ring, it should be kept immersed in raw milk or Ganges water. After that, after bathing with pure water, and worshiping with flowers, sandalwood, and incense, the following mantra should be chanted seven thousand times (7,000 times).

Upratna of Manikya

माणिक्य का उपरत्न लालड़ी है।

पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

संस्कृत – सूर्य रत्न

हिन्दी – लालड़ी

फारसी – लाल

अंग्रेजी – स्पाइनेल रेड

परिचय– लालड़ी, माणिक्य के अभाव में या जो व्यक्ति अधिक मूल्य के माणिक्य खरीद नहीं सकते उनके द्वारा पहना जाता है । लालड़ी गहरे सुर्ख लाल रंग का, रक्त वर्ण का, सिन्दूरी रंग की आभा के समान, आकर्षक स्वच्छ वर्ण वाला, गुलाब के फूल के रंग के समान, अनार की कली के समान, कषाय वर्ण के, गुलबास के समान सुर्ख श्याम वर्ण वाला तथा हल्के गुलाबी रंग का होता है।

लालड़ी के गुण– लालड़ी स्निग्ध, चमकदार, जलदार, शुद्र रंगवाली, हाथ में लेने के कुछ समय बाद गर्म का अनुभव, पानी में डालने पर लाल रंग की किरणें निकलती हुई दिखायी देना अत: दूध में रखने पर दूध का रंगलाल रंग का दिखायी देना, हाथ में लेने पर सामान्य से ज्यादा भारीपन मालूम होना ।

लालड़ी के दोष:-

धूमिल तथा अस्पष्ट रंग वाली लालड़ी प्राणनाशक व शरीर को दु:ख देने वाली होती है।
अपारदर्शी लालड़ी हृदय रोग पैदा करती है।
रेखाओं से मकड़ी के जाल की तरह के निशान लालड़ी भी स्वास्थ्य को खराब करने वाली है।
एक रेखायुक्त या छोटी–छोटी रेखाओं से युक्त लालड़ी से शस्त्राघात का डर होता है।
गढढेदार या टूटी हुई लालड़ी पशुधन को खराब करती है।
दो रंगों से युक्त या छोटे काले रंगों के निशान से युक्त या शहद के समान रंग के धब्बे से युक्त, रक्त के समान लाल रंग की धब्बे से युक्त अथवा श्वेत रंग के छोटे–छोटे निशान से युक्त लालड़ी धन, जन, स्वास्थ्य, यश, मान आदि के लिये हानिप्रद है।

लालड़ी के उपरत्न

लालड़ी के भी तीन उपरत्न होते हैं जिन्हें लालड़ी के स्थान पर ग्रहण किया जाता है ।

संग आतशी : यह बादामी रंग का तथा आतशी रंग का पत्थर है । इसके ऊपर काले, पीले या गुलाबी रंग के निशान होते हैं ।

संग सिन्दूरिका : यह सिन्दूरी तथा गुलाबी रंग का होता है।

संग टोपाज : यह गेरुआ रंग का तथा स्निग्ध पत्थर है।

माणिक्य के अन्य उपरत्न

लालड़ी के पश्चात माणिक्य के तीन और उपरत्न होते हैं

संग माणिक– यह गुलाबी, लाल, पीले तथा काले रंग का, स्वच्छ, स्निग्ध व हल्की आभायुकत होता है । यह हिमालय, विन्ध्याचल के शिखरों में व वर्मा, लंका, स्याम आदि में भी पाया जाता है।

संग तामड़ा– यह गहरे लाल रंग का होता है । यह भी हिमालय, विन्ध्याचल, अरावली तथा ढुंढ़ार आदि अन्य स्थानों में पाया जाता है ।

माणिक सिंगली– यह अभ्रक के रंग का तथा चिकना होता है। यह स्याम तथा चीन के देशों में पाया जाता है ।

माणिक्य के चार उपरत्न है:-

सौगंधिक
तामड़ा
मैसूरी माणिक्य
सूर्यकांत

Where to Wear Manikya (Ruby)?

Manikya (Ruby) should be worn on the ring finger of the right hand (Dakshin Hasta) or the working hand. As per the top astrologers’ Maniikya (Ruby) should be worn in such a way that it touches the skin (Tvak) of the wearer and should not be fully enclosed in the metallic part of the jewelry.

In the old time, only royal people like kings and queens or Aadhya (rich) people wore obnoxiously expensive gemstones. But today over time they are becoming affordable to successful business people, celebrities, and even the regular population also able to buy gemstones. But the certification and verification of Gems are important otherwise one cannot get its maximum benefits, or it just remains a waste of money.

Synonyms of Manikya (Ruby)

Reference: Rasa Trangini 23/ 43

माणिक्यं रङ्ग माणिक्यं पद्म राग समाह्वयम |

रवि रत्नम शोणरत्नम कुरुविंदम च लोहितम ||

Ruby is known by various names in Sanskrit like Padma Raga, Raviratna, Kuruvinda, Vasuratna, Laxshmi Pushpa, Arunopala, Shona Ratna, Shonopala, Lohita, Rangamanikya, etc.

Names of Manikya in Different Languages

Hindi – Manik
Sanskrit – maanikya, Padmaraga, Saugandhika
Badgali – Manik, Cunni
Marathi – Mannika
Gujrai – Manaka
Arabi – Yakut, Yakut Surkha
English – Ruby
Telugu – Manikyamu

History of Manikya (Ruby)

Manikya (ruby) is a blood-red colored Ratna (gemstone). The red color of ruby is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Its name comes from rubber, Latin for red. Chemically it is aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale and specific gravity of 4.

Occurrence

The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar (Burma) was for centuries the world’s main source of rubies. That region has produced some of the finest rubies ever mined, but in recent years very few good rubies have been found there. The very best color in Myanmar rubies is sometimes described as pigeon blood. In Central Myanmar, the area of Mong Hsu began producing rubies during the 1990s and rapidly became the world’s main ruby mining area. The most recently found ruby deposit in Myanmar is in Namya (Namyazeik) located in the northern state of Kachin.

Rubies have historically been mined in Thailand, the Pailin and Samlout Districts of Cambodia, Burma, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan. In Sri Lanka, lighter shades of rubies (often “pink sapphires”) are more commonly found. After the Second World War ruby deposits were found in Tanzania, Madagascar, Vietnam, Nepal, Tajikistan, and Pakistan. More recently, large ruby deposits have been found under the receding ice shelf of Greenland.

In 2002 rubies were found in the Waseges River area of Kenya. There are reports of a large deposit of rubies found in 2009 in Mozambique, in Nanhumbir in the Cabo Delgado district of Montepuez.

Spinel, another red gemstone, is sometimes found along with rubies in the same gem gravel or marble. Red spinel may be mistaken for ruby by those lacking experience with gems. However, the finest red spinels can have a value approaching that of the average ruby.

रत्नो का वर्णन भारतीय प्राचीनतम ग्रंथो में भी मिलता है | श्रीमद भागवत एवं महाभारत आदि पुराणों में भी माणिक्य का वर्णन मिलता है | चरक एवं अन्य आयुर्वेदीय संहिताओं में भी माणिक्य का वर्णन मिलता है | चिकित्सा के अतिरिक्त ज्योतिष के ग्रन्थ बृहत् संहिता में भी अनेक स्थलों पर माणिक्य के साथ अन्य रत्नो का उल्लेख है | अत: कहा जाता है की ५००० वर्ष पूर्व से ही भारतीयों को माणिक्य की सुंदरता एवं उपयोगिता का ज्ञान था |

Characteristics of Manikya (Ruby)

It is red in color, clear, heavy, and possesses dichroic properties i.e. it depicts two colors. It is star-shaped before faceting. It is a precious stone of the Kuruvinda (corundum) group.

Manikya is red in color and heavy.
The refractive index of Manikya is 1.76.
As per Mohs’ scale, the hardness of Manikya is 9.
Manikya with heat cracks or becomes dull in luster.
Manikya chiefly contains aluminum and oxygen and traces of iron oxides render red color to it.

माणिक्य
नीलम
एमरी

खनिज विज्ञान की प्रगति से पता चलना है कि तीनों एक ही प्रकार के पत्थरों से बने है | रङ्ग में अन्तर अधिक महत्त्व का नहीं है। माणिक्य की लाल सगुलाबी जगमगाहट एवं नीलम का नीलापन अपनी शानी रखता है। यह एक विचित्र बात है कि एक ही वर्ग के पत्थर में तीन प्रकार के विभिन्न शानदार रङ्ग हो। कुरुन्दम पीतवर्ण का भी होता है, जो पोखराज के रन्न से कम आकर्षक नहीं है किन्तु कठोरता में उससे भी आगे होता है । माणिक्य का रङ्ग निश्चित ही क्रौमिक आक्साइड के कारण ऐसा होता है। क्योंकि क्रौमिक आक्साइड से कृत्रिम माणिक्य बनाया जा चुकी है। टाइटेनिक आक्साइड के कारण नीलम का एवं फेरिक आक्साइड के कारण कुरुन्दम का पीतवर्ण हो जाता है। कुरुन्दम अत्यधिक टिकाऊ रत्न हैं। इसका रासयनिक संघठन Al2O3 है (एल्युमीनियम आक्साइड ), इसका आपेक्षिक घनत्व ४ एवं काठिन्य ९ है |

Manikya (Ruby) Yoni (Source)

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 9- 11

माणिक्यं पद्मरागाख्याम द्वितयं नीलगंधी च |

कुशेशयदलछ्याम स्वछं स्निग्धं गुरु स्फुटं |

वृतायतं समम् गात्रं माणिक्यं श्रेष्ठ्म उच्चयते ||

नीलम गंगाम्बु सम्भूतं नील गर्भा अरुणच छवि |

पूर्व माणिक्यव श्रेष्ठ माणिक्यं नीलगंधी तत ||

रस शास्त्र में माणिक्य के दो भेद है एवं दोनों श्रेष्ठ एवं ग्राह्य है😐

१. पद्म राग

२. नीलगन्धि

पद्म राग – रक्त कमल के सदृश कांतिवाला, स्वच्छ, स्निग्ध, पानीदार, गुरु, वृता यत सर्वत्र समान आकृति का श्रेष्ठ होता है |

नील गंधी– गंगा नदी में उत्पन होने वाला बाहर से लाल किन्तु अंदर से नीला दिखाई देने वाला तथा अन्य लक्षण पद्म राग की तरह हो, वह माणिक्य भी श्रेष्ठ होता है |

Four varieties of Manikya have been mentioned in Ayurvedic texts out of which the first two are common and popular.

Padmaraga Manikya: It is lotus-colored (i.e. whitish red), lustrous, transparent, parabolic shaped, heavy, smooth, highly bright, and pleasant.
Nilagandhi Manikya: Generally obtained from the bed of the river – Nila Ganga. It is red with a bluish luster emerging from the inside.
Kurwindaja Manikya: It grows from a stone named Kuruvindam (corundum) and is highly red and beautiful.
Saugandhika Manikya: It grows out of Sugandhika (spinel), and is yellowish red.

Out of four varieties, the first two are common and have similar properties. Thus, these two varieties are used for medicinal purposes.

Depending on color, four other varieties of Manikya are mentioned:

Rakta (reddish)
Pitabha (yellowish)
Haritabha (greenish)
Raktabha Pita (reddish yellow)

Grahaya Lakshana of Manikya (Ruby)

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 9- 10

कुशेशयदलछाय॑ स्वच्छ स्निग्ध॑ गुरु स्फुटम्‌ ।

वृत्तायत्त समं गात्र॑ माणिक्यं श्रेष्ठमुच्यते ||

अपि च– यो मणिर्दृश्यते दूराज्ज्वलदग्निसमछवि: ।

वशं कान्ति: स विज्ञेय: सर्वसम्पत्तिकारकम्‌ ||

नीलम गंगा अम्बुसम्भूत॑ नीलगर्भारुणच्छवि ।

पूर्वमाणिक्यवच्छेष्ठ॑ माणिक्य॑ नीलगन्धि तत्‌ ॥

ग्राह्य लक्षण –

पद्म राग – जो माणिक्य कमल पुष्प दल जैसा लाल या गुलाबी वर्ण का हो, स्निग्ध , भारी, पानीदार, लम्बा, गोल, स्वच्छ हो वह श्रेष्ठ होता है |
नीलगन्धी– जो माणिक्य गंगा नदी के जल से प्राप्त होता हो, जो भीतर से नील वर्ण और जिसका बाहरी रङ्ग लाल हो वह नीलगंधी माणिक्य ग्राह्य है |

Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 44

रक्त उत्पल दाल छायाम रम्यं दीप्त प्रभम |

वृतायतं समांगञ्च माणिक्यं जातीं उच्यते ||

The Manikya resembles the color of the Rakta Kamala Patra, which is beautiful to look at, has a lustrous outer surface and which is round, smooth, and long-bodied is identified as the best variety of Manikya and used for pharmaceutical purposes.

Agrahya Lakshna of Manikya

अग्राह्य लक्षण

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 11

रंध्र कार्कश्य मालिन्य रौक्ष्य वैशद्य संयुतम |

चिपितं लघुवक्त्रञ्च माणिक्यं दुष्टमअष्टधा ||

छिद्र युक्त, खुरदरापन, मलिन, रुक्ष, अस्वच्छ, चिपटापन, हल्का और टेढ़ा इन आठ लक्षणों वाला माणिक्य अग्राह्य है |

Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 45

विछायामलघु धूम आभम विरूपम कर्कशम परम् |

मलिनंचिपितं वक्रम माणिक्यं त्याजयं उच्चयते ||

The Manikya which is lustreless, light weighted, shapeless, smoky colored, flat-bodied, and unclean and is rejected for pharmaceutical use.

माणिक्य केगुणव दोष की परख

माणिक्य के वजन के सौगुने दुग्ध में माणिक्य को डाल देने पर या तो दूध लाल रंग का हो जायेगा अथवा दूध से लाल रंग की किरणें उत्पन्न होती दिखायी देती प्रतीत होंगी ।
माणिक्य को हाथ में रखने पर थोड़ा सा गर्म का आभास होगा।
गोल व लम्बा आकृति का माणिक्य सबसे अच्छा होता है।
सबसे अच्छा माणिक्य कमल की पंखुडियों में रखने पर चमकने लगता है।
सबसे श्रेष्ठ माणिक्य को पत्थर पर रगड़ने पर पत्थर तो घिस जाता है, लेकिन माणिक्य नहीं घिसता और न ही माणिक्य पर किसी भी प्रकार का बुरा प्रभाव पड़ता है । बल्कि चमकने ही लगता है।
प्रात:काल सूर्य के प्रकाश में माणिक्य को रखने पर उससे लाल रंग की किरणें चारों तरफ उत्पन्न होकर चमकने लगती हैं ।
रात्रि में उत्तम माणिक्य सूर्य की तरह चमकने लगता है।
सबसे अच्छा माणिक्य पारदर्शक होता है ।
सबसे अच्छा माणिक्य समान अंगों व अवयव वाला होता है।
हाथ में लेने पर सबसे अच्छा माणिक्य अन्य माणिक्य की तुलना में अधिक वजनदार होता है।

Testing the Merits and Demerits of Ruby:-

If ruby is added to milk that is one hundred times the weight of ruby, either the milk will turn red or red rays will appear to be emanating from the milk.
On keeping ruby in hand, there will be a feeling of heat.
The ruby of round and long shape is the best.
The best ruby sparkles when placed in the petals of a lotus.
When the best ruby is rubbed on a stone, the stone wears out, but the ruby does not wear out, nor does it have any bad effect. Rather it starts shining.
When ruby is kept in the sunlight in the morning, red-colored rays start shining all around it.
The best ruby starts shining like the sun in the night.
The best ruby is transparent.
The best ruby is the one with equal parts and components.
The best ruby weighs more than other rubies when held in the hand.

माणिक्य के अन्य दोष:-

माणिक्य में निम्न दोष भी पाये जाते हैं, दोषयुक्त धारण कभी नहीं करना चाहिये, क्योंकि इससे लाभ तो मिलता नहीं अपितु हानि ही होती है।

अशुद्ध माणिक्य चमकदार नहीं होता है । इससे किसी भी प्रकार की किरणें नहीं दिखायी पड़तीं। अत: इसे सुन्न माणिक्य भी कहते हैं। जो शर्करा के समान अथवा बालूकण के समान किरकिरा हो या चुरचुरा हो।
दूधक: जिस माणिक्य का रंग दुग्ध वर्ण का हो अर्थात्‌ उस पर इसके रंग के तरह छींटे हों ।
मटमैला: जिस माणिक्य का रंग खराब–सा प्रतीत हो ।
त्रिशूल: जिसमें त्रिकोण, त्रिभुज या त्रिशूल की तरह का चित्र हो।
रंगाधिक्य: जिनमें दो या दो से अधिक रंग हों ।
जालक: जिस माणिक्य में रेखायें टेढ़ी –मेढ़ी खींची होकर मकड़ी का जाल सा बनाती हों ।
धूम्रक: जिस माणिक्य में धुयें के रंग के समान रंग हो ।
हल्कापन: जो माणिक्य अपने आकार के अनुसार से ज्यादा भारी होने के बदले हल्का हो।
चीरित: जिस माणिक्य में धन (+) का निशान की तरह कटा हो अथवा चीरा लगा हो।
गड्ढ़ा: जिस माणिक्य में गड्ढा हो या फिर टूटा हुआ हो।
शहद: जो माणिक्य शहद के रंग के समान का हो अथवा इस पर शहद की भाँति छींटे हों।
परत: जिस माणिक्य में अभ्रक की परत सी दिखायी देती हो।

Defects of Manikya:-

The following defects are also found in Manikya, it should never be worn with defects, because it does not bring benefits but only harm.

Impure ruby is not shiny. No rays of any kind can be seen from this. Hence it is also called Sunn Manikya. Which is gritty or brittle like sugar or sand.
Dudhak: The ruby whose color is milky, that is, it has splashes like its color.
Dull: The ruby whose color seems to be bad.
Trishul: Having a triangle, triangle, or trident-like figure.
Chromaticity: In which there are two or more colors.
Jalak: The ruby in which the lines are drawn in a zigzag manner, making it like a spider’s web.
Dhrumak: The ruby which has the same color as smoke.
Lightness: A ruby that is light instead of heavy according to its size.
Chirit: The ruby which is cut or cut like a sign of money (+).
Pit: The ruby which has a pit or is broken.
Honey: The ruby which is similar in color to honey or sprinkled like honey on it.
Layer: The ruby in which a layer of mica is visible.

नकली (इमीटेशन) माणिक्य—

जिस तरह अन्य रत्नों में नकली रत्न पाये जाते हैं। वैसे ही माणिक्य भी नकली पाया जाता है। नकली माणिक्य प्राय: दो प्रकार के होते हैं—

नकली (इमिटेशन) माणिक्य
चेदम (सिंथेटिक) माणिक्य।

सिंथेटिक माणिक्य दूधक में दूधिया रंग का न होकर नीला रंग का होता है। अत: वह घूमता नहीं दिखायी देता। नकली माणिक्य असली माणिक्य से अधिक चमकते हैं । रात्रि में तेज चमकता है। एक्स किरण में असली व नकली माणिक्य दोनों ही एक समान चमकते हैं परन्तु एक्स किरणें हटा लेने पर नकली माणिक्य चमकता दिखायी देता है। जबकि असली की चमक कम हो जाती है।

Imitation Ruby-

Just as fake gems are found in other gems. Similarly, Ruby is also found to be fake. Fake rubies are usually of two types-

Imitation Ruby.
Chedam (Synthetic) Ruby.

Synthetic ruby is blue instead of milky in milk. That’s why he is not seen moving. Fake rubies shine more than real rubies. Shines bright in the night. In X-rays, both real and fake rubies shine equally, but when X-rays are removed, fake rubies are seen shining. While the original loses its luster.

Manikya Aayu (Lifespan of Manikya)

Reference: Rasa Jala Niddhi. 3/ 4, Ratna Dhatu Vigyana

न जरां यान्ति रत्नानि मौक्तिकं विद्रुमं बिना।

Though the gemstones of mineral origin are eternal, the Exception is Mukta (pearl) which has a limited lifespan, and also Vidruma- coral. After a few years, it grows old and eventually loses its character. Other gemstones are eternal, but they also need to be maintained and revitalization of them is necessary to get maximum benefits.

मुक्ता प्रवाल की आयु- कुछ समय पश्चात्‌ काल प्रभाव से मुक्ता व प्रवाल खराब हो जाते है। किन्तु अन्य रत्नों पर काल का प्रभाव नहीं होता है।

Manikya Aayu After Dharana (Life Span of Mukta after Assumption)

Reference: Astrologer Prakasha Prasada- Jyotish Evam Sadhna Parkasha

Ratna gives maximum benefits when they have a powerful life expectancy. A lot is dependent on how much you care about your ruby as they need to be maintained to remain effective. The average effectiveness of ruby is approximately 8- 10 years, but we can again revitalize the ruby.

As Maanikya is Gem for the planet Sun (Surya) and its life span after assumption is approximately 4 years after that it loses its Prabhava on the beholder.

Occurrence or Places of Availability of Manikya (Ruby)

Manikya is found in Burma, Africa, and Srilanka and India it is found in Karnataka, Orissa, Katak.

In 2002 rubies were found in the Waseges River area of Kenya. There are reports of a large deposit of rubies found in 2009 in Mozambique, in Nanhumbir in the Cabo Delgado district of Montepuez.

Purification of Ruby (Shodhana of Manikya)

First purification method

Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 46

निम्बुक स्वरसेन एह डोला यंत्रे विधान्त: |

यामैकमस्वेदितंकामं माणिक्यं शुद्धिम आप्नुयात ||

The roughly pounded mania is tied in a Pottali and subjected for 3 hours (one yama) of swedana in dolayantra by keeping nimbu swarasa as liquid media. Later the drug is dried and stored in an airtight container as suddha Manikya. Alternatively, the Manikya may be subjected to for 3 hours (one yama) of swedana in dolayantra by keeping any of the amla dravya swarasa as liquid media to purify the same.

माणिक्य का शोधन

निम्बू स्वरस पूरित दोलायंत्र में ३ घंटे तक स्वेदन करने से माणिक्य शुद्ध हो जाता है | पुन: ऐसे साफ़ जल से धो कर रख लेना चाहिए |

शुद्धय्ते अत्यअमलेन माणिक्यं |

Second purification method

Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 48- 49

निम्बुकाम्लयुततं वारा माणिक्यं चषक स्थितं ।

सुराप्रदीपे संपक्वं शुद्धिमायात्यनुत्तमाम्‌ ||

आविष्कृतो गुरुवयमहोदयैः ।

प्रकाशित: खलु मया भिषजां हितकाम्यया ||

The required quantity of Manikya is taken in a clean glass beaker placed over a tripod stand. It is added with enough quantity of diluted citric acid. (sadrava nimbukamla). Now an ignited spirit lamp is placed below the tripod stand and the content in the beaker is boiled for 2 to 3 hours. Later, when cool on its own, the drug is collected, dried, and stored as ‘Suddha manikya’ for further pharmaceutical use.

Incineration of Manikya (Ruby) or Bhasmikarana/ Marana of Manikya

Manikya Samanya Marana

Reference: Rasa Ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 66

लकुच द्रव समपिष्ते: शिला गंधक तालकै: |

वज्रम विनान्य रत्नानीम्रियन्तेअष्ट पुट्टै: खलु ||

The fine powders of any of the individual suddha Ratna (except vajra) – 1 part, 2. Suddha manahsila – 1 part, 3. Suddha Gandhaka – 1 part; and 4. Suddha hartal – 1 part, all these are taken in a clean Khalva yantra and subjected for 3 bhavans as with lakucha swarasa. Later chakras are prepared, dried, and enclosed in Sarava samputa. This samputa is subjected to one gajaputa. This whole process is repeated 8 times to obtain properly prepared bhasma of six gemstones of mineral origin except vajra.

First incineration method

Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 50- 53

विमलीकृतमत्यर्थ माणिक्य सुविचूर्णितम्‌ ।

शिलालगन्धैर्विमलै: पृथक्‌ तु समभागिके: ||

निम्बूकस्वरसेनेह पेषयेदिनसप्तकम्‌ ।

विन्यसेत्सम्पुटे घर्मे विशुष्क॑ कृतचक्रिकम्‌ ||

ततस्तु पुटयेद्धीमान्‌ पुटे वारणसंज्ञके ।

रीत्यानया सुपुटितमष्टवारं प्रयत्नत: ||

माणिक्यं म्रियतेभस्म जायते पाण्डुरप्रभम्‌ ।

पिष्टं तु लकुचद्रावै: पुटेदेवमथापि वा ||

One part of Suddha manikya is taken in a clean khalva yantra. It is carefully pounded and triturated to bring it in fine powder form. This powder is added with equal quantities of suddha manahsila, suddha haratala (ala), and Suddha Gandhaka and triturated to obtain a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is added with the required quantity of nimbu swarasa and triturated thoroughly for seven days. Later the Chakrikas (pellets) of even size and shape are prepared, dried under the sun, enclosed in Sarava samputa, and subjected to one gajaputa. This entire procedure and the gajaputa are repeated 8 times to obtain pale white colored and appropriately prepared Manikya bhasma. Later it is stored in a suitable airtight container for further therapeutic use.

Note: Instead of ‘nimbu rasa’, lakuca swarasa’ may also be used in the process to obtain perfect manikya bhasma.

Second incineration method

Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 54- 56

चूर्णीकृत शोणरत्न॑ विमलै: समभागिकै: |

पेषये न्रिम्बुक द्रावै बलिरोगशिले अंगुलै: ||

विमर्च सुदृडे खल्वे यत्नेन सप्तवासरम्‌ |

पुटयेद्वारणपुटे विशुष्क॑ कृतचक्रिकम्‌ ||

रीत्यानयापि पुटितमष्टवारमसंशयम्‌ |

माणिक्यमचिरादेव मृतिमाप्नोत्यनुत्तमाम्‌ ||

One part of Suddha manikya is taken in a clean khalva yantra. It is carefully pounded and triturated to bring it in fine powder form. This powder is added with equal quantities of ‘Suddha gandhaka’ (Bali), ‘Suddha manahsila (rogasila), ‘Suddha hingul’, and triturated to obtain a homogenous mixture.

This mixture is added with the required quantity of “nimbu swarasa” and triturated thoroughly for seven days. Later the ‘chakrik’ (pellets) of even size and shape are prepared, dried under the sun, enclosed in “Sarava samputa, and subjected for one Gaja Puta.

This entire procedure and the ‘gajaputa’ is repeated 8 times to obtain appropriately prepared, pale white ‘manikya bhasma. Later it is stored in a suitable airtight container for further therapeutic use.

Manikya Pishti

Suddha Manikya is taken in a clean Khalva yantra and triturated to obtain it in fine powder form. It is added with the desired quantity of ‘Gulab jala’ (rose water) or ‘ketaki Krka’ (distillate of Pandanus odorotissimus) and triturated thoroughly for a day to obtain a very fine, pink-colored powder. It is later stored in a suitable airtight container as Manikya Pishti.

शुद्ध माणिक्य कोसूक्षम चूर्ण करके एक अच्छे खरल (सीमाक पत्थर) के खरल में रखकर गुलाब जल, केवड़ा जल एवं वेदमुषक अर्क की भावना देकर ३- ४ दिनों तक ६- ६ घंटे दृटा पूर्वक मर्दन करने से माणिक्य की पिष्टी की जाती है | यह अति सूक्षम चूर्ण एवं हल्का गुलाबी रंग की होती है |

Manikya Properties: (Bhasma and Pishti)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 57- 58

माणिक्यं सुमृर् मेध्यं मधुर तु रसायनम्‌ |

दीपनं वृष्यमायुष्यं वातपित्तहरं परम्‌ ||

कफप्रशमन॑ स्निग्धं क्षयरोगनिषूदनम्‌ |

वाजीकरणमत्यन्त॑ ध्वजभज़हरं मतम्‌ ||

The properly prepared Manikya bhasma is ‘Medhya’ (intellect promoter), it possesses madhura rasa and Rasayana property. It is a good appetizer and aphrodisiac. Its judicious use provides ‘longevity’. It mitigates vata, pitta, and kapha dosha. It possesses ‘snigdha’ guna and is indicated in Kshaya Roga. As it is aphrodisiac, it corrects erectile dysfunction in males. Another reference below is supportive of the above reference.

Rasa Ratna Samucchya. 4/ 12

माणिक्यं दीपनं वृष्यं कफ वात क्षय अर्तिनुत |

बहुत वेताल पापघ्नं कर्मज व्याधि नाशनम ||

माणिक्य भस्म एवं पिष्टी के गुण– दीपन, वृष्य, कफ, वात क्षय रोग नाशक, बहुत प्रेत बाधा नाशक , पाप नाशक है और कर्मज व्याधि नाशक है |

Dosage and Usage of Manikya (Ruby)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 59

आरभ्य गुंजा पादांशत गूंजा अर्ध परमित्म मृतं |

माणिक्यंयोजये धीमान बलकालाड्या अपेक्षया ||

Quarter Ratti to half Ratti i.e. approximately 31- 62 mgs is the general dosage of Manikya Bhasma. However, the dosage of Maanikya has to be finalized after thorough consideration of all the relevant factors that affect the dosage.

माणिक्यं भस्म एवं पिष्टि की मात्रा- 1/ 8 रत्ती से 1/ 4 रत्ती

Anupana (Adjuvant / Vehicle) for Use of Manikya

Honey, butter or any other suitable medicine.

अनुपान- मधु, घृत |

Important Formulations of Manikya (Ruby)

Mani Parpati, Manikya Mihirodaya Rasayanma, Brahmi vati, Navaratna Rajamriganka rasa, Jwahar Mohra Vati, Yaakuti, Ratna Bhagouttara Rasa, Nava Ratna Pishti, Manikya Bhasma, Navratna Pottali, Mani Parpati etc.

योग – माणिक्य के प्रमुख योग

जवाहर मोहरा वटी
मणि पर्पटी रस
याकूती
माणिक्य मिहिरोदय रसायन
नव रतन राज मृगांक रस
रतन भागो उत्तर रस
ब्राह्मी वटी

Recent Research on Manikya (Ruby)

Rajopadhye, Nagesh & Ghatpande, Prakash. (2022). Indian Astrology: A Reality Check.
Azmi, Noor & Xin, Tay & Mohamed, Badaruddin & che lah, Salasiah. (2018). Benefits and Aura of Rubies and its Local Intelligence among the Malays Community. SHS Web of Conferences. 45. 02001. 10. 1051/ shsconf/ 20184502001.
Abbey Peter. Use of GEMSTONES for astrological remedies. Int J Jyotish Res 2021; 6 (1): 88- 91.
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Vishnu Soni, Dr. Rudresh M Shastri. A study on gemstone recommendation with special reference to Vedic astrology. Int J Jyotish Res 2022; 7 (1): 29- 36. DOI: 10. 22271/ 24564427. 2022. v7. i1a. 132
Seraj, Snaa & monjur-e-khudha, Mohammad & Aporna, S.A. & Khan, Shamiul & Islam, Farukul & Jahan, Rownak & Mou, S.M. & Khatun, Z. & Rahmatullah, Mohammed. (2011). Use of gemstones for preventive and curative purposes: A survey among the traditional medicinal practitioners of the bede community of Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 5. 263- 269.
Giuliani, Gaston & Groat, Lee & Fallick, A.E. & Pignatelli, Isabella & Pardieu, Vincent. (2020). Ruby Deposits: A Review and Geological Classification. Minerals. 10. 597. 10. 3390/ min 10070597.
Vertriest, Wim & Saeseaw, Sudarat. (2019). A Decade of Ruby from Mozambique: A Review. Gems & Gemology. 55. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 55. 2.162.
Themelis, Ted. (2019). The Heat Treatment of Ruby & Sapphire, 3rd Edition, vol. I Experiment & Observations.
Tiangsoongnern, Leela & Vuori, T. (2004). Attitudes of gemstone distributors to value-adding strategies of ruby production. 3. 1259 – 1263 Vol. 3. 10. 1109/ IEMC. 2004. 1408896.
Swain, Shubhashree & Pradhan, Santosh & Jeevitha, M. & Acharya, P.P. & Debata, M. & Dash, Tapan & Nayak, Bijan & Mishra, B. (2016). Microwave heat treatment of natural ruby and its characterization. Applied Physics A. 122. 10. 1007/ s00339-016- 9703- 9.
Sinha, Jatin & Mishra, Pratima. (2015). Spectroscopic and microstructural studies of ruby gemstones of Sinapalli, Odisha. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 86. 657- 662. 10.1007/ s12594- 015- 0357- 6.
Juncomma, U. & Intarasiri, Saweat & Bootkul, D. & Tippawan, Udomrat. (2014). Ion beam analysis of rubies and their simulants. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 331. 102- 107. 10.1016/ j. nimb. 2014. 02.135.
Kutlu, Yusuf & Calik, Ayten & Ulugergerli, Emin. (2022). A Quest for why gemstones are Used for healing. Journal of Awareness. 7. 65- 72. 10. 26809/ joa. 7. 2. 02.
Ji-Ho, Hwang & Jong-Koen, Choi. (2005). A study on the identification of ruby and garnet by optical method. Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology. Ji-Ho, Hwang & Jong-Koen, Choi. (2005). A study on the identification of ruby and garnet by optical method. Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology. The FT-IR absorption spectrum by the lattice vibrations of ruby and garnet obtained from FT-IR shows quite different characteristics. By UV-VIS spectroscopy it was found that the ruby has two transmission bands in the red and blue regions, while garnet has only one transmission band in the red region. The color filter to distinguish ruby from garnet was developed and named the HWANG JI HO filter. Through the HWANG JI HO filter, ruby was shown in blue color and garnet was shown in dark red color because of only the blue region transmittance of the filter. Other red stones, such as spinel, and tourmaline were shown in dark red color like garnet. The ruby could be recognized easily from the red stone.
Sahoo, Rakesh & Mohapatra, B. & Singh, Saroj & Mishra, Barada. (2015). Aesthetic value improvement of the ruby stone using heat treatment and its synergetic surface study. Applied Surface Science. 329. 10. 1016/ j. lapsus. 2014. 12. 111.
Majumdar, Alik & Mathew, George. (2012). Distinct ruby suite at Sardapur, Orissa: A spectroscopic investigation. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 80. 10. 1007/ s12594- 012- 0197- 6.
Barone, Germana & Bersani, Danilo & Lottici, Pier Paolo & Mazzoleni, Paolo & Raneri, Simona & Longobardo, U.. (2016). Red gemstone characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy: The case of rubies and their imitations. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 47. 10. 1002/ jrs. 4919.
Buaprasert, Weerapat & Kaewkhamai, Boonsri & Uthaichana, Kasemsak. (2020). Modeling of Color Improvement of Ruby Corundum Gemstone via Oxygen Ion Implantation Treatment. 447-451. 10. 1109/ ECTI- CON49241. 2020. 9158295.
Zhang, Di & Guo, Shun & Chen, Yi & Li, Qiu-Li & Ling, Xiaoxiao & Liu, Chuanzhou & Sein, Kyaing. (2021). 25 Ma Ruby Mineralization in the Mogok Stone Tract, Myanmar: New Evidence from SIMS U–Pb Dating of Coexisting Titanite. Minerals. 11. 536. 10. 3390/ min11050536.
Emam jomeh, Amir & Sajjadi Alehashem, Fariba. (2015). Fluid inclusion studies in modern gemology and its application of ruby and sapphire sources identification. (In Persian with English abstract).
Joseph, Daisy & Lal, M. & Shinde, P. & Padalia, B. (2000). Characterization of gemstones (rubies and sapphires) by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. X-Ray Spectrometry. 29. 10. 1002/ (SICI)1097- 4539 (200003/ 04) 29.
Sutherland, Frederick & Zaw, Khin. (2020). Editorial for Special Issue “Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Ruby”. Minerals. 10. 888. 10. 3390/ min10100888.
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Rahalim, Fatinah & Jamaludin, Juliza & Raisin, Syarfa Najihah. (2023). NON-INVASIVE GRADING TECHNIQUE FOR RUBY GEMSTONE USING CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE (CCD). ASEAN Engineering Journal. 13. 69- 74. 10. 11113/ aej. v13.18267.
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Azmi, Noor & Xin, Tay & Mohamed, Badaruddin & che lah, Salasiah. (2018). Benefits and Aura of Rubies and its Local Intelligence among the Malays Community. SHS Web of Conferences. 45. 02001. 10.1051/ shsconf/ 20184502001.
Sahoo, Rakesh & Mohapatra, B. & Singh, Saroj & Mishra, Barada. (2016). Aesthetic Value Addition and Surface Study of Odisha Ruby Stones by Heat Treatment with Different Metal Oxide Additives. Advanced Science Letters. 22. 336- 340. 10. 1166/ asl. 2016. 6899.
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Dr. Sahil Gupta (B.A.M.S., M.H.A.)

Dr. Sahil Gupta completed his Bachelor of Ayurveda in Medicine and Surgery (B.A.M.S.) and Master’s Degree in Health Administration (MHA) India. He is Registered Ayurvedic Doctor & Vaidya in India having Registration No. 23780. He is the CEO and founder of IAFA. After completing BAMS, Dr. Sahil Gupta started practicing Ayruveda by giving prime importance to allergic disorders management. He became the first Ayurvedic doctor to cure Food Allergies through Ayurveda. Read More About Dr. Sahil Gupta.

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