Topaz Stone (Pukhraj Stone – Yellow Sapphire)

The Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits of Topaz Stone which is also known as Topaz Gemstone, Pukhraj Stone, Yellow Sapphire, Pushparagam Stone, etc.

BOOK AN APPOINTMENT

Introduction

Until the end of the 19^th century, yellow sapphire was known as Oriental Topaz i.e. only blue corundum was called sapphire. At present, the stone of Jupiter marketed in India is not topaz but yellow sapphire. Yellow sapphire i.e. Pushparagam has a few synonyms in Sanskrit like Pushparaga, Pitarakta, Guruvallabha, Gururatna, Pitamani, etc. This yellow sapphire occurs in New South Westside Australia and Queensland. Pure yellow stones occur in Montana (USA), East Africa, and Sri Lanka whereas greenish yellow sapphire occurs in Thailand. Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₄(F, OH)₂. Its hardness is 4 and its refractive index of 1.76 to 1.77. However, presently in India, as mentioned above yellow sapphire is marketed as Topaz. This mineral crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and its crystals are mostly prismatic. Pure topaz is colorless and transparent but is usually tinted by impurities. Therefore, it comes in a wide range of colors, such as wine (deep red color), pale grey, yellow, blue brown, or reddish orange. It can also be made white, pale green, blue, gold, pink (rare), reddish-yellow, or opaque to transparent/ translucent.

Imperial topaz is yellow, pink (rare, if natural), or pink-orange. Brazilian Imperial Topaz can often have a bright yellow to deep golden-brown hue, sometimes even violet. Many brown or pale topazes are treated to make them bright yellow, gold, pink, or violet colored. Some imperial topaz stones can fade on exposure to sunlight for an extended period.

पुष्पराग का वर्णन आयुर्वेदीय संहिताओं में नहीं मिलता है। सर्वप्रथम वराहमिहिर्कृत ज्योतिषग्रन्थ बृहत्संहिता में इसका उल्लेख मिलता है। तत्पश्चात्‌ प्रायः सभी रसग्रन्थों में इसका विस्तृत वर्णन उपलब्ध होता है। पौराणिक मान्यतानुसार दैत्यों के चर्म हिमालय पर जहाँ-जहाँ गिरे वहाँ वहाँ पर पुष्पराग उत्पन्न हुआ। यह चतुष्कोण, स्वर्ण सदृश पीतवर्ण, पारदर्शक एवं स्निग्ध स्पर्श रत्न है। इसके टुकड़े प्रायः रंगहीन किन्तु कभी-कभी हल्के पीले भूरे या हरे नीले वर्ण का भी पुष्पराग मिलता है। यह फ्लूरोक्सी सिलिकेट ऑफ एल्युमिनियम है। इसमें एल्यूमिनियम, फ्लोरीन, सिलिकोन, ऑक्सीजन चार तत्त्व पाये जाते है। यह गुरु ग्रह को प्रसन्न करता है। रसशास्त्र के ग्रन्थों में इसके भेद नहीं मिलते है। किन्तु रत्न वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार पीत, पाण्ड, श्वेत और गुलाबी- चार प्रकार का होता है। युक्तिकल्पतरु के अनुसार पद्मरागवत्‌ एवं मरकतबत्‌ दो प्रकार का होता है। पुष्पराज पीतवर्ण का गुसुग्रह का रत्नपाषाण है। आधुनिक रत्नवैज्ञानिक इसे वैरुजवर्ग में मानते हैं। अंग्रेजी में इसे टोपाज कहते हैं जो ढूँढना अर्थ वाचक में है। प्राचीन काल में लालसागर स्थिति एक द्वीप बहुत दूँढने के बाद मिला था एवं उसी क्रम में वहीं पर यह रत्न मिला था। प्लीनी नामक रत्नवैज्ञानिक तथा उसके सामयिकों ने उसी द्वीप से मिले पीले रन के पेरिडोट का नाम टोपाज रखा। पहले सभी पीले रंग के रत्नो को पुष्पराग कहा जाता था, किन्तु धीरे-धीरे यह भ्र्म दूर हो गया है। 19वीं सदी के अंत तक पीले नीलम को ओरिएंटल पुखराज के नाम से जाना जाता था यानी केवल नीले कोरन्डम को ही नीलम कहा जाता था। वर्तमान समय में भारत में बृहस्पति का जो रत्न बिकता है, वह पुखराज नहीं बल्कि पीला नीलम है। पीला नीलमणि यानी पुष्पराग के संस्कृत में कुछ पर्यायवाची शब्द हैं जैसे पुष्पराग, पितरक्त, गुरुवल्लभ, गुरुरत्न, पितामणि आदि। यह पीला नीलम न्यू साउथ वेल्स यानी ऑस्ट्रेलिया और क्वींसलैंड में होता है। शुद्ध पीले पत्थर मोंटाना (यू. एस. ए), पूर्वी अफ्रीका और श्रीलंका में पाए जाते हैं जबकि हरा पीला नीलम थाईलैंड में पाया जाता है। हालाँकि, वर्तमान में भारत मे, पीले नीलम का प्रयोग पुखराज के रूप में किया जाता है। यह खनिज ऑर्थोरोम्बिक प्रणाली में क्रिस्टलीकृत होता है, और इसके क्रिस्टल अधिकतर प्रिज्मीय होते हैं। शुद्ध पुखराज रंगहीन और पारदर्शी होता है लेकिन आमतौर पर अशुद्धियों से रंगा हुआ होता है। इसलिए, यह रंगों की एक विस्तृत श्रृंखला में आता है, जैसे वाइन (गहरा लाल रंग), हल्का भूरा, पीला, नीला भूरा या लाल नारंगी।

Astrological View of Topaz

This gem is called Pukhraj in Hindi and Zardyakub in Persian. Its lord is planet Jupiter. Its color is similar to saffron, gorochan, turmeric, lemon, kamarkha, sunrise, and black meru giri. It is mostly found in Vindhyachal, the Himalayan Mountains, Mahanadi, Brahmanadi Turkistan, Iran, Ceylon, and Orissa regions. White-yellow topaz should be worn by a Brahmin, red and yellow topaz by a Kshatriya, black-yellow topaz by a Shudra, and dark yellow topaz by a Vaishya. Topaz that is smooth, shiny, and watery yellow, of good color, and in a good ghat is beneficial. This gem increases intelligence, fame, lineage, wealth, etc., and removes ghosts, diseases, etc. If Pushpraag is to be used in astrology, then its defects must be kept in mind. Durango, Abarakhi, Chir, Sunan, Dudhak, Black, White, and Topaz with red splashes are contaminated. Numb topaz causes enmity between friends and milky topaz causes injury to the body and increases suffering. Topaz with red dots destroys wealth. Therefore, topaz gemstones with such defects should not be worn. A pearl gemstone should be worn. Topaz is worn to pacify the ill effects of planet Jupiter and increase its fame. It increases strength, intelligence, age, health, fame, fame, wealth, etc., and increases spiritual thoughts.

इस रत्न को हिन्दी में पुखराज व फारसी में जर्दयाकूब कहते हैं । इसका स्वामी गुरू ग्रह है। केसर, गोरोचन, हल्दी, नींबू, कमरख, सूर्योदय तथा काली मेरूगिरी के समान इसका रंग होता है । यह अधिकतर विन्ध्याचल, हिमालय पर्वत, महानदी, ब्रह्मनदी तुर्किस्तान, ईरान, सीलोन तथा उड़ीसा प्रदेशों में पाया जाता है। सफेद-पीला पुखराज ब्राह्मण को, सुर्ख, पीला पुखराज क्षत्रिय को, काला-पीला शूद्र तथा गहरा पीला पुखराज वैश्य को धारण करना चाहिये । पुखराज चिकना, चमकदार और पानीदार पीले अच्छे रंग और अच्छे घाट का पुखराज लाभकारी होता है । यह रत्न बलबुद्धि, यश, वंश, धन सम्पत्ति आदि की वृद्धि करता है तथा भूत प्रेत रोग आदि दूर करता है। पुष्पराग का ज्योतिष शास्त्र में प्रयोग करना हो तो उसके दोषो का ध्यान अवश्य रखना चाहिए। दुरंगा, अबरखी, चीर, सुनन, दूधक श्याम सफेद तथा लाल छींटे वाला पुखराज दूषित होता है। सुन्न पुखराज बन्धुजनों में बैर कराने वाला तथा दूधक पुखराज शरीर पर चोट लगाने वाला तथा क्लेशवर्द्धक होता है । लाल बिन्दु वाला पुखराज धन सम्पत्ति नष्ट करता है। अत: ऐसे दोष वाले पुखराज रत्न नहीं धारण करना चाहिये। मुणयुक्त रत्न धारण करना चाहिये। पुखराज बृहस्पति ग्रह के दोषों को शान्त करने व उनके यश को बढ़ाने के लिये धारण करते हैं । यह बल, बुद्धि, आयु, स्वास्थ्य, यश, कीर्ति, धन-धान्य आदि की वृद्धि करता है तथा आध्यात्मिक विचारों की वृद्धि करता है ।

Reference of Pusparaga / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz)

Ratna indicated as per Astrological science to nullify the maleficent effect of various planets (Grahas) and to treat the Roga (disorders) related to that particular planet.

Planet	Gem Used
Sun (Surya)	Manikya (Ruby)
Moon (Chandra)	Mukta (Pearl)
Mars (Mangala)	Vidruma (Coral)
Mercury (Buddha)	Markat (Emerald)
Jupiter (Guru)	Pushapraga (Topaz)
Venus (Shukra)	Vajra (Diamond)
Saturn (Shani)	Neelam (Blue sapphire)
Rahu	Gomeda (Hessonite)
Ketu	Vaidurya (Cat’s eye stone)

Diseases induced by maleficent effects of planets (Greha Roga) or diseases induced by Dushkarma (sinful deeds) done by the Rogi (patient) i.e Karma Vipaka Siddhanta

Planet	Diseases Caused
Sun	Shoth (Inflammation in the body), Apsmar (Epilepsy), Paitikavikara, Jawara (Fever), Diseases of the eye, skin, and bone, rational fears, Bites from poisonous reptiles like snakes, weakening the digestive system, and constipation.
Moon	Sleep diseases such as Anidra (insomnia) or somnambulism (sleepwalking), Kaphaj Kasa, Atisara, Alshaya, Agnimandya (Loss of appetite), Aruchi (Disinterest in food), Kamala (Jaundice), Chitudvega, Grehani, Hydrophobia, Fear of animals with horns, Problems concerning women, Hallucinations
Mars	Trishna (Excessive thirst), Bilious disorders, Flatulence, Excessive fear of fire, Gulma, appendicitis, Kustha (Leprosy), eye disorder, Apsmar (Epilepsy), Rakta Vikara, Majja Vikar (Bone marrow diseases), Kandu (Itching), Ruksha Twaka (Rough skin).
Mercury	Lack of self-confidence, Gala Rog (Throat problems like goiter, etc.), Nasagata Rog (Nose Diseases), Vata- Kaphaj Roga, Cold and Cough, Flatulence, Poisoning. Twaka Dosha (Skin diseases), Vicharchika. Jaundice.
Jupiter	Gulma, Appendicitis, Karan Vedna (an ear disease), Sanyas.Frequent litigation, Problems with friends, parents, and relatives.
Venus	Pandu (Anaemia), Netra Roga (Disorders of the eye), Flatulence, Cough, Mutrakrich (Urinary disease), Prameha (Diabetes), Syphilis, Shukra-Vyapati (Low sperm count), Impotence, Dryness of Mouth, Constipation, Irrational fears.
Saturn	Flatulence, Cough, Pain in the legs, Excessive Fatigue, Illusion, Daha (Excessive heat in the body), Mental shocks, Personal calamities, and Accidents causing temporary or lasting wounds.
Rahu	Heart diseases such as an attack, Shotha (Inflammation), Kushtha (Leprosy), illusions, hallucinations, disease due to poisoning, excessive hurt, and wounds.
Ketu	Unknown mysterious diseases, cannot be easily found by doctors.

Rashi or Zodiac Sign that Can Wear a Topaz

According to the astrological sign, the people with Jupiter (Guru) in a particular position in the horoscope can wear Topaz to get maximum benefits.

Topaz Stone represents the Greha Guru/ planet Jupiter. Topaz is very special and very popular among the Navratnas. Topaz not only gives immense self-confidence but also strengthens the financial condition.

People with below mentioned Rashi or zodiac signs can also wear Pukhraja/ pusparaja (Topaz) when there is a specific placement of Houses and Dashna in your horoscope. After careful consultation with astrological experts, one can wear a Topaz. Below are a few conditions where a person can wear a Topaz/ Yellow sapphire-

Mithun (Gemini): The Lord of Mithuna Rashi is Mercury and the relationship between Jupiter and Mercury is neither good nor bad. Mithun Rashi (Gemini) can wear Pukhraja/ Yellow sapphire/ Topaz if the Guru Graha/ Jupiter planet is in the 2^nd, 4^th, 5^th, 7^th and 8^th house of astrology. But if there is Marrakesh and 7^th lord, then the use of Pukhraja should be avoided.
Karka (Cancer): The Lord of the Karka Rashi is Chandra (Moon). Karka (Cancer) Rashi can wear Topaz/ yellow sapphire if the planet Jupiter is in the 9^th house. The wearer of topaz gets maximum benefits in respiratory (breathing) diseases, cardiac (heart) diseases, and gastrointestinal (stomach) diseases. But if the planet Jupiter is in the 6^th house i.e., inauspicious state, then to eliminate the bad effects, it is a must to wear topaz with the Guru Yantra.

Vrishabh (Taurus): Vrishabha Rashi/ Taurus is ruled by the Shukra Graha i.e., Venus’s planet, therefore it brings many health benefits to the Taurus zodiac sign. Along with this Taurus has a normal relationship with the Guru/ Jupiter planet. If Jupiter is in the 2^nd, 4^th, 5^th, 9^th, 10^th, or 11^th house in the horoscope of the Vrishabha Rashi then wearing yellow sapphire/ topaz by the Vrishabh Rashi/ Taurus gives financial benefits.

Sinha (Leo): Sinha Rashi is associated with Surya (sun). Surya and Guru have a friendly relationship with each other. If Guru Graha is in the 5^th and 8^th house, then also the person should wear a topaz. To maximize or double the effect of topaz, it should be worn with Ruby (manikya) which is known as the sun’s gem.

Meena (Pisces): It is highly advised to wear topaz/ Pukhraja by the Pisces/ Meena Rashi when Jupiter is in the 1^st and 10^th house. Wearing topaz by Pisces mind and body remains healthy and it is also very beneficial for the career.

Dhanu (Sagittarius): Guru Greha is the Lord of the Dhanu Rashi on the ist and 4^th house. Wearing a topaz by Sagittarius wearers will remain physically and mentally healthy.

Vrishchika (Scorpio): Vrischika is a water sign, and its lord is Mars. Mars and Jupiter are friendly to each other. Topaz with red coral is very beneficial for Vrischika Rashi. If the Guru Graha is in the 2^nd house of the wearer then Marrakesh is strong and it is harmful to wear topaz but if it is important to wear topaz then it should be worn with Guru Yantra.

Mesha (Aries): As per the Urja of the Mesha Rashi (energy of Aries ascendant), their lord planet Mars, and Jupiter have a good relationship. In the 9^th and 12^th houses if the Guru Greha is placed then one can wear Topaz and it gives marvelous results.

Dr. Sahil Gupta - Famous Ayurvedic Allergy Specialist

Have A Health Issue?

Consult Online

- Dr. Sahil Gupta (B.A.M.S., M.H.A.)

Ayurvedic Allergy Specialist
CEO & Founder of IAFA®

Consult Now

Rashi or Zodiac Sign that Cannot wear a Topaz / Yellow Sapphire

Kanya (Virgo): The Ruling planet of Kanya Rashi is mercury and the relationship between mercury and Jupiter is not good at all as Jupiter is the lord of the 4^th and 7^th house of the zodiac Aquarius. Here the 7th house is related to Marrakech and spouse and the 4^th house is related to land, mother, happiness, etc. So, it is better to avoid wearing topaz by Kanya Rashi.
Tula (Libra): For Tula Rashi i.e. Libra, the lord is Venus’s planet and between Jupiter and Venus’s planet there is the relation of the enmity. The zodiac sign Libra should avoid wearing Topaz as it is not beneficial for them, and it may also result in stomach-related issues in their body.
Kumbha (Aquarius): The lord of Kumbha Rashi is Saturn and due to strong Marakesha and Ekadesh because of the second lord, it is advised to not wear topaz.

Which Pusparaja / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz / Yellow Sapphire) is Best to Use in Astrology (Jyotish Shastra)?

Astrological experts suggest that the person who is experiencing the cruelty of the Guru Greha or Jupiter in the Horoscope and the Zodiac sign that is ruled by or has a healthy relationship with the Jupiter planet should wear Pukhraja/ Topaz so that they get maximum benefits from the planet Guru (Jupiter).

In Ayurvedic literature Pusparaja is of two types by color-

White
Yellow

The white color is confused with diamond and to differentiate it from diamond the estimation of hardness is done along with this less reflection is seen in Topaz.

The Pusparaja with white color is known as Shveta Pusparaja and the Pusparaja with yellow color is known as Kanaka Pusparaja or Golden Topaz.

According to King Bhoja, Topaz is of four types (Yukti Kalpa Taru):

Pitta (yellow)
Pandu (pale)
Sveta (white)
Gulab (rose-red)

Depending on the color the yellow king of gemstones is divided into various varieties like colorless, brown, pink, red, orange, green, and yellow colors. The rarest and most valuable variety of topaz, Imperial topaz, is orange to red.

Different Varieties of Topaz

Imperial Topaz

Imperial topaz is one of the world’s most coveted rare gemstones and is known as the emperor of Topaz. Imperial pusparaja was named in honor of Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro. Another popular legend related to imperial topaz is that its name is linked with the power of Imperial Russia.

Nearly 90 percent of all Ratna are red, blue, or green, imperial hues are highly coveted and they capture the golden glow of late afternoon and the reddish orange color of the sunset along with this it also has the pink color of the first light of dawn. So far, the most valuable Topaz variety is the imperial topaz. Imperial topaz is strongly two-colors visible when viewed from different angles with one color usually darker than the other. Imperial Topaz looks great in low-light conditions due to its high refraction and transparency, therefore it is also the name of the gem of the night.

Dispersion of imperial Topaz – Weak
Refractive Index of imperial topaz – 1.630 to 1.638
Pleochroism of imperial topaz – Generally weak
Specific Gravity – 3.52
Toughness of imperial topaz – Fair
Inclusions – This gemstone is considered a type II clarity stone. Stones sometimes contain long tube-like cavities containing liquid, and Imperial topaz might include 2-phase and 3-phase inclusions which may contain more than one liquid that has not been mixed.
Stability of imperial topaz – Good

Colorless Topaz / White Topaz

In the gemstone industry, colorless topaz is famous with the name white topaz and whenever anyone talks about the substitute of the diamond then its white topaz as white topaz is translucent and clear gem. As we know topaz is the silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine, and its chemical formula is Al₂SiO₄(FOH)₂. Even though Topaz comes in various colors like red, blue, brown, green, yellow, orange, pink, etc.), in its purest form it is transparent but White Topaz or this transparent topaz is quite cheap as compared to various other precious ratna such as Diamond, Emerald, and ruby. Colorless topaz is also famous by the name brown topaz as brown topaz is sometimes heated to remove the color.

Specific Gravity of white topaz- 3.49
Toughness of white topaz- Fair
Inclusions of white topaz- White topaz has two-phase and three-phase inclusions and iridescence in fractures.
Stability of white topaz- Good

Blue Topaz

Generally, the blue topaz is formed from the clear topaz by giving the heating and the radiation treatment.

Blue topaz is also of various types and these types are as follows:

Sky blue topaz
Baby Swiss topaz
Swiss blue topaz
London blue topaz

Sky Blue Topaz: Sky Blue Topaz resembles the color of the sky on a cloudless day and is very clear, delicate, and clean. The people who like light colors and airy spaces are pleased by this topaz. White topaz has been exposed to gamma- rays to change the color of the gemstone into light blue and then it is known as sky blue topaz. Gamma cells contain the radioactive material Cobalt 60 which emit gamma rays, and the white topaz is exposed to these rays. The gamma rays generated by this topaz are very penetrating and produce a uniform color to the white topaz. Sky Blue Topaz is the most affordable gemstone in the market today and the consumer market for Sky Blue Topaz is in Europe.

Baby Swiss and Swiss blue topaz: Baby Swiss topaz is very close to the color of Brazilian Paraiba Tourmaline as it resembles the rich Caribbean Sea color. Baby Swiss topaz is also known as Electric topaz and it is different from Sky Topaz as it is darker than the sky color. White topaz has been exposed to high-energy electrons to change the color to saturated, cheerful, and bright blue. To accelerate electrons linear accelerators are used at high energies. By an electrically deflected zigzag pattern, the electrons are forced to pass so that the whole white topaz is exposed to the beam of electrons. This method of converting white topaz to Swiss blue topaz is complex, and expensive to build and operate. Sometimes when excessive heat is produced it can crack the white topaz specimen and result in a big loss that’s why during the radiation process, the sample of white topaz is often cooled by running cold water. Due to the low penetration and coloration, there is more heat at the surface. This Swiss blue topaz can also be formed by exposure to gamma rays but in the case of gamma rays to achieve the level of energy that is required to make Swiss blue topaz may take several months. Swiss Topaz is one of the prettiest and most famous members of the Topaz family and the consumer market for sky blue topaz is in the U.S.A., Asia, and Europe.

London Blue Topaz: When the white topaz has been exposed in a nuclear reactor to change the color to a saturated and deep blue color then London blue topaz is formed. London blue topaz has sometimes a greenish tone when viewed from certain angles. This would also be due to the Neutrons produced in the nuclear reactor. Neutrons have excellent penetration so there is no problem with surface heating, and the color produced by neutrons in London blue topaz is deep, uniform, and often dark to those produced by electrons. London Blues are also referred to as Steely and inky Topaz. In the case of London blue topaz, a more saturated blue color tends to have more market value because the exact color looks like Tanzanite. So, in the Topaz family the London Blue Topaz is regarded as the most valuable among the other members and the consumer market for London blue topaz is in Europe, the U.S.A., and Australia.

Pleochroism of blue topaz – weak to moderate.
Specific Gravity of blue topaz – 3.49
Toughness of blue topaz – Fair
Inclusions of blue topaz – Blue topaz have Type I clarity, and these gemstones have sometimes two and three-phase inclusions
Stability of blue topaz – Good

Flamingo Topaz – The topaz that is named after the name of the flamingo bird, is known as the flamingo Topaz as it has a similar hue to the flamingo bird. The important information about flamingo topaz is that it does not occur in nature and is formed by a process of physical vapor deposition, and when during the process the vapor coats the gem, a bright, slightly iridescent pink color results and after that, this topaz is used to make jewelry.

Mystic topaz / Rainbow topaz – Mystic topaz, famous by the name rainbow topaz is a very beautiful gemstone that came into existence in 1998 that makes it very young as compared to many other precious and beautiful gemstones. This topaz is also colorless but due to spectacular hues, it forms a rainbow of color. Mystic topaz is a man-made topaz that is formed by the process of chemical vapor deposition in which thin film deposition is done. Mystic topaz is also known as fire topaz or Alaska topaz. This rainbow topaz is related to healing and good luck. This topaz has a strong relationship with Shad Chakra, especially the throat Chakra that is mentioned in Yoga. Some astrologers also believe its strong relationship with the third eye Chakra and Crown Chakra.

Specific Gravity of mystic topaz – 3.49
Toughness of rainbow topaz – Fair
Inclusions of Alaska topaz – Mystic/ Alaska topaz is a type II clarity stone. Stones have a coating on the crown of the stone, and it may contain tube-like cavities containing liquid, healed fractures. Sometimes Alaska topaz may have 2-phase and 3-phase inclusions which contain more than one liquid that has not been mixed.
Stability of mystic topaz- Fair

Precious pink or pink topaz- Pink Topaz is one of the world’s most desired and valuable gemstones as it has aesthetic appeal and everyday durability. Pink Topaz is known to bring love, solve emotional instability, succeed, and harmonize relationships. Pink topaz is obtained from the sole deposit of Ouro Preto, a Brazilian town. Pink Topaz is a gem that is found very rare and is very costly in comparison to other varieties of Topaz.

Color – Color is one of the supreme quality determining factors. Usually, the deeper shades in Pink Topaz are considered more costly and valuable. Among other shades of Pink Topaz, Sherry pink is the rarest and most valuable.

Clarity – Pink Topaz is often light in color. Liquid inclusions and minerals can be easily spotted through the naked eye in pink topaz. Therefore, the Pink Topaz with minimum visible flaws and good transparency is highly valuable.

Cut –Pink Topaz which is faceted into the pink Topaz with unusual shapes and deep striking cuts is priced high.

Precious Topaz- Gem experts will only call Topaz that are yellow/ orange in color the precious Topaz, but other experts will apply this precious term to any topaz that does not display a strong multicolor effect. that is attributed to the chromium in the stone.

Identification of Real Topaz

पहचान विधि – जो पुखराज स्पर्श में चिकना, हाथ में लेने पर कुछ भारी लगे, पारदर्शी, प्राकृतिक चमक से युक्त हो वह उत्तम कोटि का माना जाता है।

परीक्षा –

जहाँ किसी विषैले कीड़े ने काटा हो, वहाँ पर असली पुखराज घिस कर लगाने से विष उतर जाता है।
चौबीस घण्टे कच्चे दूध में रखने के बाद यदि चमक में अन्तर न पड़े तो पुखराज असली होगा।

The topaz, which is smooth to the touch, feels a bit heavy in the hand, transparent and has natural shine is considered to be of the best quality.

Examination:-

Where a poisonous insect has bitten, rubbing real topaz and applying it removes the poison.
If there is no difference in shine after keeping it in raw milk for 24 hours, then Topaz will be real.

पुखराज का बदल-(alternative / substitute of Pukhraja) – जो व्यक्ति असली पुखराज नहीं खरीद सकते वे इस का उपरत्न “सुनेला’ धारण कर सकते हैं । सोनेला अथवा सुनेला साइट्रिन पीला पत्त्थर है इसमे पीले पुखराज का भ्रम होता है परन्तु इसकी दड़क कम और नग नरम होता है । यह पूर्ण पारदर्शक होता है ।

Those people who cannot buy real topaz can wear its gemstone ‘Sunela’. Sonella or Sunella Citrine is a yellow stone. It has the illusion of yellow topaz, but its luster is less and the stone is soft. It is completely transparent.

असली पुखराज की पहचान– पुखराज से जौहरी तथा साधारण जन सभी सुपरिचित है । परन्तु सामान्यत तो वे इसके बदल जैसे कि साइट्रिन विल्लौर अथवा संश्लिष्ट तथा नकली प्रतिकृति- काच के पुखराज को पुखराज सम भक्त लेते है। प्राचीनकाल में तो प्रत्येक पीले रत्न को, उसके आगे ‘प्राच्य’ आदि उपसर्ग लगाकर पुखराज कह दिया जाता था । आजकल असली पुखराज को जौहरी ‘बहु मूल्य पुखराज’ नाम से बेचते हैं । बहुमुल्य पुखराज के अत्यन्त प्रसिद्ध रंग पारदर्शक पीत रंग, पीतिमायुक्त भूरा और नारंगी- भूरा हैं । दूसरे कम उपलब्ध रंग वीचका लाल गरम करने पर ही आता है, बहुत हलके से लेकर हलका नीला, बहुत हलका हरा, बैंगनी, हलका हरा-सा पीला, तथा रंग हीनता, भी मिलते हैं। पुखराज का भ्र्म इन रत्नो से सम्भव है – बिल्लौर, टॉमलिन कुरुन्दम समूह (गुलाबी, पीला और हलका नीला नीलम ), बैरुज वर्ग के रत्न (स्वर्ण -बैरुज, हरित मणि आदि ), संष्लिस्ट कुरुंदम और काँच । टुर्मलीन और काँच के नकली पुखराज देखने में असली पुखराज से लगते है इनका वर्तनांक भी पुखराज के वर्तनांक जितना ही है । परन्तु काच में दुहरा वर्त्तन नही है, टुर्मलीन का आ घ पुखराज से वहुत कम है। पुखराज जितनी हलकी आभा के रत्न में जितनी वहुर्णिता होने की आशा रहती है -उस से कही अधिक बहुर्वाणता इसमें पायी जाती है । पीता पुखराज में स्पष्ट तीन रंग- भुरा- सा- पीला, पीला और नारंगी -पीला- दिखायी देते है । नीले पुखराज में नीले रंग की मात्रा के अनुसार, रंग हीन और हलका नीला -ये दो रंग दिखायी देते है। पीले विल्लौर से इसको पहचानने के लिये दोनो की घनता देखनी चाहिये । ब्रामोफॉ्म को, बेंजीन आदि द्रवो से हलका करके २ ६५ घनता का बना लेना चाहिये । इस में रगहीन या पीला बिल्लौर और ऐमीथिस्ट सब या तो लटके रहेंगे अथवा धीरे धीरे डूवेंगे या घीरे-घीरे ऊपर उठेंगे । पुखराज डूब जाएगा। इमिटेशन, असली पुखराज से अधिक नरम होता है, रुखा होता है और चमक काच की-सी होती है। इमिटेशन का दूधक स्थिर, रुखा तथा आभा रहित होता है ।असली पुखराज को पहचाननें की ये विधिया भी बतायी गयी है- सफेद कपडे पर रखकर धूप में देखे तो कपडे पर पीली काई सी दिखायी देगी । चौबीस घंटे तक दूध मे रखने के बाद असली पुखराज की चमक क्षीण नही होती । जहरीले जानवर द्वारा काटे गये स्थान पर असली पुखराज को लगाने से वह उसके विष को खींच लेता है ।

Jewelers and common people are all familiar with Topaz. But generally, devotees consider its substitutes like citrine vitreous or synthetic and fake glass topaz as topaz. In ancient times, every yellow gemstone was called Topaz by adding prefixes like ‘Prachya’, etc. in front of it. Nowadays, jewelers sell real topaz under the name Multi Value Topaz. The most famous colors of precious topaz are transparent yellow, yellowish brown, and orange-brown. Other less available colors include red which comes only after heating, very light to light blue, very light green, purple, light greenish-yellow, and neutral color. It is possible to confuse Topaz with these gems – Amethyst, Toramlin Kurundum group (pink, yellow, and light blue sapphires), Turquoise group of gems (Golden Turquoise, Green Gemstone, etc.), Synthetic Kurundum and glass. It has much more versatility than is expected in a gem with a light aura like Topaz. Three colors are visible in Yellow Topaz – brownish-yellow, yellow, and orange-yellow. According to the amount of blue color in blue topaz, two colors – colorless and light blue – are visible. To identify it from yellow velvet, the density of both should be seen. Bromoform should be lightened with liquids like benzene etc. to make it of 2.65 density. In this, colorless or yellow crystal and amethyst will either hang or sink slowly or rise slowly. Topaz will sink. Imitation topaz is softer, rougher, and has a glass-like shine. Is. The milky substance of imitation is stable, dry, and lustreless. The following methods of identifying genuine topaz have also been mentioned – If you put it on a white cloth and look at it in sunlight, then yellow moss will be visible on the cloth. The shine of real topaz does not diminish after being kept in milk for twenty-four hours.

How to Wear Pusparaja / Pukhraja / Puspa (Topaz / Yellow Sapphire)?

पुखराज की धारण विधि– पुखराज रत्न ३, ५, ७, ९ या १२ रत्ती के वजन का सोने की अंगूठी में जड़वा कर तर्जनी अंगुली में धारण करें, सुवर्ण या ताम्र बर्तन में कच्चा दूध, गंगा जल, पीले पुष्पों से एवं ॐ ऐं क्लीं बृहस्पतये नम: के बीज मन्त्र द्वारा अभिमन्त्रि करके धारण करना चाहिए। मन्त्र जप संख्या १९,००० है | यह नग शुक्ल पक्ष के गुरुवार की होरा में अथवा गुरुपुष्य योग में या पुनर्वसु, विशाखा, पूर्वाभाद्रपद नक्षत्र में धारण करना चाहिए | पुखराज धनु, मीन राशि के अतिरिक्त मेष, कर्क, वृश्चिक राशि वालों को लाभप्रद रहता है। धारण करने के पश्चात्‌ गुरु से सम्बन्धित वस्तुओं का दान करना शुभ होता है ।

Topaz gemstones weighing 3, 5, 7, 9, or 12 ratti should be studded in a gold ring and worn on the index finger. The gem should be washed in raw milk, Ganga water, yellow flowers in a gold, copper vessel, and seed Mantra Om Aim Kleem Brihaspatye Namah must be chanted. It should be worn after praying through the above mantra. The mantra chanting number is 19,000. This gem should be worn on Thursday Hora of Shukla Paksha or in Guru Pushya Yoga or Punarvasu, Vishakha, Purva Bhadrapada Nakshatra. Apart from Sagittarius, Pisces, Topaz is beneficial for people of Aries, Cancer, and Scorpio zodiac signs. After wearing it, it is auspicious to donate things related to Guru.

Vedic Siddhanta of Wearing Pukhraja / Puspa / Pusparaja (Topaz / Yellow Sapphire)

गुरू रत्न पुखराज की धारण विधि- अँगूठी बनवाने के लिये ४ रत्ती से अधिक वजन का पुखराज ५, ७, ८, १०, १२, १४, रत्ती का शुभ होता है तथा ६, ११, १५ रत्ती वजन का पुखराज हानिकारक होता है। पुखराज को सोने की अँगूठी में जड़वाना चाहिये और सोने की अँगूठी ४, ८, १०, १२, १४ रत्ती की होनी चाहिये। बृहस्पतिवार को पुष्य नक्षत्र में प्रात: सूर्योदय से ११ बजे के बीचपुखराज की अँगूठी बनवानी चाहिये तथा ११ बजे तक ही तैयार हो जानीचाहिये । चाँदी के पत्तर पर खुदा गुरू यंत्र जिसमें मध्य में एक पुखराज कानग जड़ा हो उसे स्थंडल पर रखकर चने की दाल द्वारा अष्ट मण्डल का निर्माण करना चाहिये। इसके ऊपर जल से परिपूर्ण कलश स्थापित करना चाहिये, फिर उसे अभिषेक कर ॐ बृहस्पते अति यदयों अहदथ्थुमद्विभाति क्रतुमरजुनेषु । यददीदयच्छ अऋतु प्रजाततदस्मासु द्रविणं धेहि चित्रम्‌। श्री गुरूवे नम: का यथाशक्ति जाप करें । इसके बाद ॐ ऐं श्रीं बृहस्पतये नम; नामक मन्त्र का उच्चारण करते हुये ४,५०० आहुति देकर हवन करना चाहिये। फिर अँगूठी में बृहस्पति की प्राण प्रतिष्ठा कर शुभ मुहूर्त में दायें हाथ की तर्जनी अथवा अनामिका अँगुली में धारण करना चाहिये। अँगूठी धारण करने के बाद कर्मकाण्ड कराने वाले ब्राह्मण को स्वर्ण, पुखराज, हल्दी, चने की दाल, पीला पुष्प, शक्कर, पीला वस्त्र तथा गुरू यन्त्र को यथाशक्ति दक्षिणा के साथ दान करना चाहिये । इस प्रकार विधिवत्‌ धारण की गयी अँगूठी गुरूकृत अनिष्ट प्रभाव को नष्ट करती है।

Method of wearing Guru Ratna Topaz – For making a ring, Topaz weighing more than 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14 Ratti is auspicious and Topaz weighing 6, 11, 15 Ratti is harmful. Topaz should be embedded in a gold ring and the gold ring should be of 4, 8, 10, 12, 14 Ratti. Topaz ring should be made on Thursday in Pushya Nakshatra between sunrise to 11 am and it should be ready by 11 am. The Guru Yantra inscribed on a silver plate with a topaz ring studded in the middle should be placed on a stand and Ashta Mandal should be formed using gram pulses. A pot full of water should be placed on it, then after anointing it, chant Om Brihaspate Ati Yadayo Ahadaththumdvibhati Kratumarjuneshu. Yaddidayachchh arutu prajatatdasmasu dravinam dhehi chitram. Chant Shri Guruve Namah as much as you can. After this, Om Aim Shreem Brihaspataye Namah. Havan should be performed by offering 4,500 rupees while reciting the mantra. Then after consecrating the life of Jupiter in the ring, it should be worn on the index or ring finger of the right hand during an auspicious time. After wearing the ring, the Brahmin performing the rituals should donate gold, topaz, turmeric, gram pulses, yellow flowers, sugar, yellow clothes, and Guru Yantra along with Dakshina as per his capacity. A ring worn in this manner destroys the negative effects of Guru.

When to Wear Pusparaja / Puspa / Pukhraja / Topaz?

यह नग शुक्ल पक्ष के गुरुवार की होरा में अथवा गुरुपुष्य योग में या पुनर्वसु, विशाखा, पूर्वाभाद्रपद नक्षत्र में धारण करना चाहिए | पुखराज धनु, मीन राशि के अतिरिक्त मेष, कर्क, वृश्चिक राशि वालों को लाभप्रद रहता है। धारण करने के पश्चात्‌ गुरु से सम्बन्धित वस्तुओं का दान करना शुभ होता है ।

Topaz gem should be worn on Thursday Hora of Shukla Paksha or in Guru Pushya Yoga or in Punarvasu, Vishakha, Purva Bhadrapada Nakshatra. Apart from Sagittarius, Pisces, Topaz is beneficial for people of Aries, Cancer and Scorpio zodiac signs. After wearing it, it is auspicious to donate things related to Guru.

In the old times, only royal people like kings and queens or Aadhya (rich) people wore obnoxiously expensive gemstones. But today over time they are becoming affordable to successful business people, celebrities, and even the regular population also able to buy gemstones. But the certification and verification of Gems are important otherwise one cannot get its maximum benefits, or it just remains a waste of money.

Pusparaja / Topaz Merits and Demerits in Astrology

पुखराज के लाभ– पुखराज चिकना, चमकदार और पानीदार पीले अच्छे रंग और अच्छे घाट का लाभकारी होता है । यह रत्न बलबुद्धि, यश, वंश, धन सम्पत्ति आदि की वृद्धि करता है तथा भूत प्रेत रोग आदि दूर करता है।

Topaz is smooth, shiny and watery yellow with good color is considered best. This gem increases intelligence, fame, lineage, wealth etc. and removes ghosts, diseases etc.

पुखराज दोष– दुरंगा, अबरखी, चीर, सुनन, दूधक श्याम सफेद तथा लाल छींटे वाला पुखराज दूषित होता है। इसके निम्न दोष हैं- सुन्न पुखराज बन्धुजनों में बैर कराने वाला तथा दूधक पुखराज शरीर पर चोट लगाने वाला तथा क्लेशवर्द्धक होता है । लाल बिन्दु वाला पुखराज धन सम्पत्ति नष्ट करता है। अत: ऐसे दोष वाले पुखराज रत्न नहीं धारण करना चाहिये। गुणयुक्त रत्न धारण करना चाहिये।

Durango, Abarakhi, Chir, Sunan, Dudhak, Black, White, and Topaz with red splashes are contaminated. It has the following defects – numb topaz causes enmity among friends and milky topaz causes injury to the body and increases suffering. Topaz with a red dot destroys wealth. Therefore, topaz gemstones with such defects should not be worn. A quality gemstone should be worn.

Synonyms of Pusparaja / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz)

Reference: Rasa Trangini 23/ 87

पुष्पराज: पुष्पराग: पित्त रक्त ह्वयास्तथा |

गुरु रत्नम पीतमणि: स एव गुरु वल्लभ: ||

Pusparaja, Pitarakta, Guru, Brihaspati Ratna, Pitamani, and Guru Vallabha all are synonyms of words used in the classics for Pusparaga (Topaz).

Names of Pukhraja / Pusparaja / Topaz / Yellow Sapphire in Different Languages

Topaz (English)
Topagio (Latin)
Pukhraja, Pokhraj (Hindi)
Pusyaragam (Telugu)
Pusyaraga (Kannada)
Pusyaraj (Bengali)
Yakut- Al—Azark (Arabic)
Pusparagam, Pusparaja, Pitarakta, Gururatna, Pita Mani, Guru Vallabha, Manjumani, BVachaspati Vallabha, Pitasma (Sanskrit)
Ratna Pusparagaya (Sinhalese)
Pusyaragam (Tamil)
Pusyaragam (Malayalam)
Si- Lnag- Syak (Chinese)
Piluraj, Pukhraja (Gujarati)
Outfia (Burmese)

History of Pusparaga / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz)

पुष्पराग का वर्णन श्रीमद भागवत एवं महाभारत में अनेक स्थलों में उपलब्ध है। किन्तु, आयुर्वेदीय संहिताओं में नहीं मिलता है। ५वीं शांति का ज्योतिषग्रंथ वृहत्संहिता (वराहमिहिरकृत्‌) में रत्नपरीक्षा क्रम में पुष्प राग मणि वर्णन मिलता है एवं उसका धारण उन्हीं दिनों से प्रचलित था। किन्तु ८वीं शताब्दी के बाद रस शास्त्र में इसका विशेष महत्त्व हुआ। पारद के साथ इसकी क्रिया बहुत ही प्राचीन है | अत: कहा जा सकता है कि आज से प्राय: ५००० वर्ष पूर्व से पुष्प राग का वर्णन मिलता है, किन्तु १५०० अविरल प्रयोग होता चला आ रहा है। पुष्पराग पीतवर्ण का गुरुग्रह का रत्नपाषाण है। आधुनिक रत्न वैज्ञानिक ऐसे बेरुजवर्ग में मानते हैं।

Since ages, we have found references to ‘gemstones’ in Indian history. Pusparaja (topaz) has lured people of all centuries. We find references to ‘topaz’ in Srimad Bhagavata’, the stories of ‘Mahabharata’ and the ‘Brihat Samhita’.

From the period of ‘Sarhita’, the therapeutic use of ’emerald’ was thought about. Later with the development of ‘Rasashastra’, the purification, incineration, pishti preparation, and the therapeutic utility of all gemstones was in practice.

Characteristics of Pusparaga / Pusparaja / Pukhraja (Topaz)

पुष्पराग स्वर्ण जैसा पीला रंग का गुरुग्रह का प्रिय रत्न पाषाण है। इसके पारदर्शक एवं निर्मल टुकड़े बड़े ही कीमती होते हैं। पीले रंग का पुष्पराग ही रत्नो की श्रेणी में हैं। अज्ञात अशुद्धियों के कारण ही इसका रंग पीला होता है।पुष्पराग का पीला रंग परिवर्तित किया जा सकता है। पुष्पराग गरम करने पर रंगहीन हो जाता है। इसमें कुछ जल का अंश भी रहता है। श्रीलंका और सोवियतरूस के पोखराज में विद्युत का स्फुटताप गुण है, अत: इसे रगड़कर विद्युत उत्पन्न किया जा है। हीरा और कुरुन्दम के बाद पुष्पराग ही कठिन रत्न है।पुष्पराग अल्यूमिनियम का जल युक्त फ्लूओसिलिट है।

कठोरता- ८
आपेक्षित घनत्व- ६५३
वर्तनांक-१६१ तथा १६२
दुहरावर्त्तन – ० ००८

द्विवर्णिता इसमें तीक्ष्ण नही होती । इसको रगड़ने से बिजली उत्पन्न होती है । आभा इसकी काचसम होती है । कभी सभी पीले रत्नों को पुखराज या Topaz कहा जाता था- विशेषतया ओलिविन का पीला उपभेद क्राइसोलाइट तथा पीला स्फटिक, साइट्रीन, तो पुखराज के नाम से ही बिकते थे । अब भी जौहरी पीले नीलम को “प्राच्य पुखराज” घूँघले स्फटिक को “धुंधला ‘पुखराज’ पीले स्फटिक को स्कॉच पुखराज के नाम से बेचते हैं । प्लिनी ने जिस पुखराज का वर्णन किया है, वह क्राइसोलाइट ही है। परन्तु ‘प्राच्य पुखराज’ अथवा पीले नील की कठोरता ६ है और उसका आ ० घ० ४ है; स्कॉच अथवा स्पेनिश पुखराज की कठोरता ७ तथा आ ० घ० ३ ६५ है । जब कि पुखराज की कठोरता ८, तथा आ. घ ३ ४ से ३ ६ तक है । असली पुखराज ऐल्यूमिनियम का फ्लूओ -सिलिकेट है । फ्लोरिन तत्त्व से बने थोडे से रत्न-खनिजो में पुखराज की गिनती है । इसमें फ्लोरीन की मात्रा १५.५ तथा अल्प मात्रा में जल भी होता है। इसके भीतर अत्यंत सूक्ष्म तरल अथवा गैसीय पदार्थ, विशेषतया द्रव कार्बन डाई आक्सीड तथा अन्य अशुद्धियाँ पायी जाती है । असली प्राकृतिक पुखराज के रवे त्रिकोणाकार तथा मीनारी सिरोवाले होते है । इन्हे विपमलम्बाक्ष समूह मे रखा जाता है।

Topaz / Pukhraja / Yellow Sapphire makes unusual and attractive gemstones in their own right. Topaz occurs in a range of different colors from orange, pink, and golden yellow to even green and blue stones. Topaz has a darker shade of yellow than Yellow Sapphire. The different colors found in the stones are due to the small amount of metal oxide impurities present in them.

Note: Topaz gemstone appears identical to Pukhraja or yellow sapphire and gem sellers sell topaz in the place of Pukhraja maximum types but topaz is not considered as rare as tallow sapphire is however all are synonyms to each other. Topaz is considered less dense when compared to yellow sapphire and is bright dark yellow whereas if you see Pukhraja or yellow sapphire it is the transparent yellow color gemstone.

Properties of Pukhraja:

As per the Mohs scale hardness of Pukhraja is 9
The specific gravity of Pukhraja is 4.00
The refractive index of Pukhraja is 1.76 to 1.77
The chemical composition of Pukhraja is Al₂O₃
S. The crystal structure of Pukhraja is trigonal.
The birefringence (DR) of Pukhraja is 0.008
Pukhraja has a vitreous luster.

Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Yoni (source) / Origination

According to Yukti Kalpa Taru

पतितास्तु हिमाद्रौ ही टवचस्तस्य सूरद्विष:।

पारदुभ्वंती ताभ्यस्तु पुष्परागा महागुण:।।

According to King Bhoja, Pusparaga is the skin of the demon king who had fallen in the Himalayas when he was taken to task and became Pusparaga (topaz) which has great qualities. They are also available where Padmaraga exists and also at the source of Tarksya i.e. emerald.

Grahaya Lakshana of Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz)

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 23- 24

पुष्प रागो गुरु: स्निग्ध: स्वच्छ: स्थूलम समो मृदु:। ।

कर्णिकाकार प्रसूनाभो मसृणश्च शुभो अष्टधा डष्टधा।।

पुष्पराग गुरु, स्निग्ध, स्वच्छ, स्थूल, सम आकृति, मृदु, मसृण पुष्प की आभा वाला-इन आठ लक्षणों से युक्त शुभ माना जाता है। कसौटी पर घिसने पर उत्तम पुखराज का वर्ण और भी स्वच्छ चमकदार हो जाता है।

Topaz should have heaviness, smoothness, clarity, big size, evenness, softness, delicate for touch and having the color of Aragvadha (cassia fistula) flower.

Rasa Tarngini. 23/ 88- 89

स्निग्धं सम सुमसूण तु सुवर्णवर्ण स्वच्छ परम् सुविमल तु सुवृत्तगात्रम्‌।

यात कर्णिका कारशस्कुसुमप्रभमुज्जवल्लश्व जात्यं तदेव गदित॑ खलु पुष्पराजम्‌।।

निकषो पलं वर्ण पुष्णाति यन्निजम्‌। पुष्पराजन्तु तज्जात्यं मतं रत्नपरीक्षकै:।।

Topaz should have the color of karikara flower (thevitia nerifolia) and become bright on rubbing against testing stone.

The Pushparagam which is soft, even and round bodied, lustrous with golden shade and resembling the brightness and color of Aragwadh Pushpa. When rubbed over an even surface, its color brightens. Such a sample of Pukhraja is considered as the Grahaya variety for pharmaceutical purposes.

श्रेष्ठ तथा शुभ पुखराज– प्राचीन ग्रन्थो के अनुसार , उत्तम पीली काति वाला, हाथ मे लेने पर वजनी लगता, सुन्दर रंग का, शुद्ध, अतिशय स्वच्छ (पारदर्शी ) , घब्बो से रहित, बडा दाना, सम अंग वाला, सुलायम, पीली कनेर अथवा चपा या अमलतास के फूल के समान पीतवर्ण, स्पर्श मे चिकना, छिद्ररहित और चमकदार पुखराज श्रेष्ठ और शुभ माना जाता है । इस प्रकार पुखराज क्षय रोग नाशक, कीर्ति, पराक्रम, सुख, आयु सम्पत्ति का बाधक बताया गया है । उत्तम जात का पुखराज वह कहलाता है कि जो कसौटी पर घिसने से अपने रंग को और अधिक बढ़ा देता है। दोष-काले रग की बुँद- बूँद- सी वाला, दो छिद्र युक्त, सफेद रंग का, मलिन हलका, बेरंग, बालू के समान छूने में करकरा, चमकरहित, ऊँच्चा नीचा, मुनकका के रंग जैसा; लाल-पीले मिले रंग का, पीला-सफेद मिले पाण्डू रंग का पुखराज सदोष, और इसी कारण अग्राह्य है। पुखराज कई किस्म के मिलते है- परन्तु सामान्यतया वे रंग रहित ही होते है । जल जैसे स्वच्छ होते हैं। रंग हीन तथा वे पुखराज जिन में पीली से लेकर शेरी-शराब की-सी आभायें हों, वहुत अधिक प्रचलित है । हल के नीले तथा हलके-हरे रंग के पुखराज भी कभी-कभी मिल जाते हैं परन्तु प्रकृति से ही लाल और गुलाबी पुखराज अत्यंत दुर्लभ होते हैं। बाजार में जो गुलाबी पुखराज बिकते है, उनमे से अधिकांश को कृत्रिम प्रक्रिया से गुलाबी किया होता है। उपयुक्त भूरे-से पीत वर्ण या गहरे पीत वर्ण के पुखराज को एक छोटी सी कुठाली या हुक्के की चिलम में रख, रेत,अथवा मैग्नीशिया सरीखे, रासायनिक दृष्टि से सक्रिय पदार्थ के साथ भर कर, सतकंतापूर्वक, गरम करते रहे । इस प्रकार प्राकृतिक रंग निकल भागेगा। परन्तु ठंडा हो जानें पर सुन्दर गुलाबी रंग प्रकट हो जायेगा, जो स्थायी रहेगा । इस बढ़िया रंग का मुल्यबहुत बढ जाता है । यदि आंच धीमी रखी जायेगी तो गुलाबी रंग के स्थान पर सामन मछली की खाल का-सा नारंगी हलका गुलाबी,रग आएगा । गर्म करने पर पीले पुखराजों का रंग सर्वथा उड़ जाता है और रूस की खदानों से मिले हलके पीले रग के पुखराज धूप में रखने पर अपना रंग खो बैठते हैं। यहीं कारण है कि इस समय ब्रिटिश संग्राहलय मे रूसी पुखराजों को ढककर रखा गया है । पुखराज सरलता से चिर जाता है, इसलिये इसको सावधानी से वरतना चाहिये। फिर भी यह एक पर्याप्त कठोर पत्त्थर है, कुरुन्दम (जैसे लाल तथा नीलम) वर्ग के रत्न तथा हीरा ही इससे अधिक कठोर होते है । इसको खूब चमकाया जा सकता है और इसीलिये इसकी अपनी एक विशेष मसूण या चिकनी चमक होती है । खूब रंगीन पुखराजो मे द्वि वर्णता स्पष्ट होती है परन्तु धुंधले पुखराजों मे द्विवर्णता मुश्किल से दिखायी देती है। रगड़ने पर इससे तीक्षण विद्युत् निकलने लगती हैं |

सौंदर्य को जगाने के लिये (for increasing the beauty of topaz)- पुखराज ज्वलंत तथा जाल काटों मे काटा जाता है । परन्तु बडे टुकडो मे कुछ अतिरिक्त फलक भी बनाये जाते है । बहुत से पुखराजो की मेखलाये अंडाकार वृत्ताकार अथवा दीर्घ आयत के आकार की बनायी जाती है । पुखराज मे दोष, त्रूटिया भी होते हैं ।

According to ancient texts, it is of excellent yellow color, feels heavy in the hand, beautiful in color, pure, very clean (transparent), free from blemishes, big grains, even, smooth, and compared to yellow Kaner or Amaltas (Cassia fistula) flowers. Yellow topaz, which is smooth to the touch, poreless, and shiny is considered the best and auspicious. Topaz has been said to be a destroyer of tuberculosis, also the destroyer of a hindrance to fame, bravery, happiness, longevity, and wealth. Topaz of the best quality is said to be the one that further enhances its color when rubbed on the stone. The defect in the topaz is a drop of the black vein, with two holes, white in color, dull light, colorless, hard to touch like sand, lustreless, high and low, like the color of a raisin; Red-yellow mixed topaz and yellow-white mixed topaz are faulty and hence unacceptable. There are many types of topaz – but generally, they are colorless. They are as clean as water. Colorless topazs and those topazs that have shades ranging from yellow to sherry-wine are very popular. Hal blue and light green topaz are also sometimes found, but red and pink topaz are extremely rare by nature. Most of the pink topaz sold in the market is made pink by artificial process. Place a suitable topaz of brown to yellow or dark yellow color in a small crucible or hookah pipe, fill it with a chemically active substance like sand or magnesia, and keep heating it carefully. In this way, the natural color will run out. But once it cools down, a beautiful pink color will appear, which will remain permanent. The value of this good color increases a lot. If the flame is kept low, instead of a pink color, it will turn orange to light pink, like salmon skin. When heated, the color of the yellow topaz disappears completely and the light yellow topaz found from Russian mines loses its color when kept in sunlight. This is the reason why Russian topazes are currently kept covered in the British Museum. Topaz cracks easily, hence it should be treated with caution. Still, it is a fairly hard stone, only gems of the Kurundum (like sapphire) class and diamonds are harder than this. It can be polished a lot and that is why it has its own special soft or smooth shine. Dichromatism is evident in highly colored topazes, but dichromatism is hardly visible in dull topazes. When rubbed, sharp electricity starts coming out of it.

To increase the beauty of topaz – Topaz is cut into fiery and netted pieces. But in larger pieces, some additional faces are also made. Many topaz earrings are made in the shape of oval, circular, or long rectangles. Topaz also has defects and flaws.

Agrahya Lakshna of Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz)

अग्राह्य लक्षण

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 25

निष्प्रभं करकशं रुक्षं पीत श्यामं नतो नत्तम।

कपिशम कपिलम पाण्डु पुषपरागम परित्यज्येत।

Rasa Tarngini. 23/ 90

श्यामलं निष्प्रभं करकशं द्वय अक्ष्काम कृष्ण बिंदु अंकितम शर्करा अंग प्रभम।

उन्नतम त्वन्तं यच्च रुक्षं परम् पुष्पराजं मतम ततु हेयम बुद्धे।।

प्रभारहित, खुरदरा, रूक्ष, पीतश्यामवर्ण, ऊँचा-नीचा, कपीश वर्ण, कपिल, पाण्डुवर्ण वाला पुष्पराग त्याज्य होता है।

The Topaz, which is lusterless, hard, rough, yellowish-black, reddish-black and pale colored and with ups and downs, should not be used.

The Pukhraja or Topaz that has a blackish shade, lustreless, rough-surfaced with aberrations, has eye-like two bigger black spots, like the bolus of sand, uneven bodied and dry is considered an Agrahaya variety of Pushparaga and should not be selected for any medicinal uses.

Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Aayu (Lifespan of Topaz)

Reference: Rasa Jala Niddhi. 3/ 4, Ratna Dhatu Vigyana

न जरां यान्ति रत्नानि मौक्तिकं विद्रुमं बिना।

Though the gemstones of mineral origin are eternal, the Exception is Mukta (pearl) has a limited lifespan, and also Vidruma- coral. After a few years, it grows old and eventually loses its character, but other gemstones are eternal, but they also need to be maintained and revitalization of them is necessary to get maximum benefits.

आयु- कुछ समय पश्चात्‌ काल प्रभाव से प्रवाल, मुक्ता खराब हो जाते है। किन्तु अन्य रत्नों पर काल का प्रभाव नहीं होता है।

Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Aayu after Dharana (Lifespan of Topaz after Assumption)

Ratna gives maximum benefits when they have a powerful life expectancy. A lot is dependent on how much you care about your Topaz as they need to be maintained to remain effective. The average effectiveness of Topaz is approximately 4 years 3 months and 18 days. (By Ratna Samrat Pandit Kapil Mohan).

Reference: Astrologer Prakasha Prasada- Jyotish Evam Sadhna Parkasha

As Topaz is a Gem for the planet Guru (Jupiter) and its life span after assumption is approximately 15 years after it loses its Prabhava on the beholder. Although the topaz gemstone is eternal and forever, for astrological purposes and effectiveness, its revitalization is necessary.

Precious gemstones like Ruby and emeralds, all varieties of sapphires like yellow sapphire (topaz), Hessonite Garnet, and Diamond have a long lifespan as they belong to the transparent group. Over some time, when they are worn these transparent gems start to get scratches on their surface, and even start losing their high polishing due to which sun rays stop passing through the gems (Ratna) When these precious gems are worn for a long period a greasy layer starts to deposit on their surface which is probably a mixture of lubricants, oils and other materials that a wearer come in contact with it. As the deposition starts to get thicker with time, it even blocks the rays (different wavelengths) that these precious stones receive from the planets to give effect. Although precious gemstones are forever yes, their effectiveness for astrological purposes falls and therefore proper and regular maintenance is important.

Occurrence or Places of availability of Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz)

पुखराज जापान, श्रीलंका , वर्मा, ब्राजील, मेक्सिको, केलिफॉनिया,संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, उत्तरी एशिया एवं हिमालय पर्वतमालाओं से प्राप्त होता है।

It can be found with fluorite and cassiterite in various areas including the Ural and Ilmen mountains of Russia, Sri Lanka, Norway, Afghanistan, Japan, Czech Republic Germany, Italy, Pakistan, Meico, Brazil, Australia, Flinders, The Unites States and Nigeria.

How is Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Formed?

पुखराज प्राय ग्रेनाइट, नाइस तथा पैग्मेटाइट शिलाओं पर बिनवुलाये मेहमानों की तरह आ घुसे आग्नेय पदार्थों से निकलने वाली जलवाष्प तथा फ्लोरीन गैस की क्रिया से बनता है । इसके साथ मिलने वाले दूसरे खनिज टूर्मलीन, स्फटिक, टगस्टन, झ्रादि हैं परन्तु पुखराज भारी तथा टिकाऊ होने के कारण इन शिलाओं से वहकर आये ककडो के रूप मे नदी-तलो पर भी मिल जाता है । सैक्सनी मे यह टूर्मेलीन विल्लौरी शिलाओ में अस्तर रूप में जमा हुमा मिलता है । रूस और साइबेरिया में प्राय नीले रंग के पुखराज ग्रेनाइट की शिलाओं की गुफाओं मे मिलते है। सबसे अधिक बढ़िया किस्म के पुखराज ब्राजील की खानो से प्राप्त होते हैं । रोडेशिया से प्राप्त होनें वाले पुखराज प्राय रंग रहित अथवा पीले-से नीले रंग के होते है। काटने पर ये सुन्दर लगने लगते है । श्रीलंका , जापान, मैक्सिको, तस्मानिया, कोलोरेडो, न्यू इग्लेड आदि से भी अच्छे पुखराज प्राप्त होते है । श्रीलंका से प्राप्त पुखराज पीले, हलके हरे, अथवा रंग रहित होते हैं । वहा इन्हे जल नीलम कहा जाता है । जो पुखराज माणिक्य के साथ के मिलते है, वे उत्तम जाति के होते हैं ।

Topaz is often formed by the action of water vapor and fluorine gas coming out of igneous materials that have come as uninvited guests on granite, gneiss, and pegmatite rocks. Other minerals found along with it are Tourmaline, Crystal, Tungsten, and Jhradi, but because Topaz is heavy and durable, it is also found on river beds in the form of pebbles brought from these rocks. In Saxony, Topaz is found in tourmaline deposited in the form of lining in the Villori rocks. In Russia and Siberia, blue topaz is often found in caves of granite rocks. The best quality topaz is obtained from the mines of Brazil. Topaz obtained from Rhodesia is usually colorless or yellow to blue. These look beautiful when cut. Good topaz is also obtained from Sri Lanka, Japan, Mexico, Tasmania, Colorado, New England, etc. Topaz obtained from Sri Lanka is yellow, light green, or colorless. There they are called water sapphires. The topaz that is found with ruby (Manikya) is of the best quality.

Purification of Topaz (Shodhana of Puspa / Pukhraja / Pushparaja)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 91

कुलथ क्वथितो पतै: कांजीके: स्वेदितं समम्।

दोला यंत्रे पुष्पराजं यामै केन विशुध्यति।।

The roughly pounded Pushpraga is tied in a Pottali and subjected for 3 hours i.e. 1 yama of Swedana in Dola Yantra keeping Kulatha Kwatha and Kanji both taken in equal quantities as liquid media. Later the drug is dried and stored in an air-tight container as Suddha Pusparaga for further pharmaceutical use.

Reference: Rasa Ratna Samucchya. 4/ 61

पुषपरागं च संधाने: कुलत्थ क्वाथ संयुते।

Fermented liquids like Kanji (sour gruel) etc, are added in equal quantity to the decoction of Kulattha (horse- gram) in which Pushparagam is subjected to Swedana (sudation) in a Dola Yantra.

सम भाग कुलथ क्वाथ एवं कांजी पूरित दोला यंत्र में पुष्पराग को ३ घंटे तक स्वेदन करने से शुद्ध हो जाता है पुन: इसे साफ़ जल से धो कर रख ले।

Incineration of Topaz or Bhasmikarana / Marana of Pushapraga/ Pukhraja/ Puspa

First method of PukhrajaMarana

Reference: Rasa Ratna Samucchya. 4/ 66

लकुच द्राव समपिष्ते: शिला गंधक तालके: ।

वज्रम विंनया रत्नांनी म्रियते अष्ट पुट्टे: खलु।।

पुष्पराग चूर्ण, शुद्ध गंधक, शुद्ध हरताल, शुद्ध मनशिला समभाग को एक साथ लकुच स्वरस की भावना देकर चक्रिका बना क्र सुखावें और गजपुट में पाक करे। ऐसा १० बार करने से पुष्पराग का भस्म हो जाता है।

The fine powders of any of the individual Suddha Ratna (except vajra) – 1 part, Suddha manahsila – 1 part; Suddha gandhaka – 1 part; and Suddha haratala – 1 part, all these are taken in a clean khalva yantra and subjected for 3 bhavanas with ‘lakucha swarasa’

Later chakrikas are prepared, dried and enclosed in sarava samputa. This samputa is subjected to one gajaputa. This whole process is repeated 8 times to obtain properly prepared bhasma of six gemstones of mineral origin except vajra.

Pushapraga Vishesha Marana

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 92

माणिक्य मारणो द्विष्ट विद्धिभ्याम अतियत्नत:।

मारयेत पुष्पराजंतु रस तंत्र विच्चिक्षण:।।

The methods followed for the incineration of ‘pusparaga’ are the same as that of the two methods (1* and 2″ method) followed to obtain ‘Manikya Bhasma’.

Pushpraga / Topaz Pishti

शुद्ध पुष्पराग को इमाम दस्ता में कूटकर कपड़छानन करके चूर्ण बनाकर सीमाक पत्थर के खरल में गुलाब जल से ३- ४ दिनों तक मर्दन करने से पाण्डु वर्ण की सूक्षम पिष्टी बनती है।

Suddha Pushapraga is taken in a clean Khalava Yantra and triturated to obtain it in fine powder form. It is added with desired quantity of Gulab Jala i.e rose water and triturated thoroughly for 3 days to obtain very fine pale white coloured powder with rose fragrance, it is later stored in a suitable airtight container as Pushparaga Pishti.

Pushparagam / Pushpa / Topaz Properties: (Bhasma and Pishti)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 93- 94

पुषपराजंतु शिशिरं दीपनं पाचनं परम्।

कफ वात प्रशमनं कुष्ठ छर्दि निर्बहनाम।।

विषघ्नं दाह शमनं गुदज आमय नाशनम।

मेध्यं बृहनम आयुष्यं रसज्ञे: परिकीर्तितं।।

Pusparaga Bhasma possesses Sheeta Guna. It is a good appetizer and digestive. Its judicious use for internal administration mitigates vitiated kapha and Vata dosha. It is indicated in Kustha and Chardi roga. It nullifies the influence of visha over the body. It brings down the burning sensation in the body and cures the diseases of anus. It promotes the intellect (Medhya), improves the body mass (Brhinam), and provides longevity (Ayu Vardhaka).

Reference: Rasa Ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 25

पुष्पराज विष छर्दि कफ वात अग्निमांद्य नुत।

दाह कुष्ठ अस्त्र शमनं दीपनं पाचनं लघु।।

It is light in quality, cold in potency, useful as an antidote to poisons, in vomitings, Kapha, vata disorders, loss of appetite, burning sensation, skin disorders and diseases caused by vitiated blood. It also acts as an appetizer and digestive.

पुष्पराग शीत वीर्य एवं गुण में लघु होता है। ये विष्घना, दीपन, पाचन, मेध्य, बृह्नम, आयुष्य होता है। इस से छर्दि, कफ, वात, अग्निममंडया, दाह, कुष्ठ, रक्त पित्त, एवं अर्श रोग का नाश होता है।

चिकित्सा से प्रयोग- आयुर्वेद प्रकाश के अनुसार , पुखराज दीपन, पाचन और हलका होता है और शीतर्वीय,अनुलोमन, रसायन तथा विषघ्न होता है । यह निम्नलिखित व्याघियों को नष्ट करता है- विषक्रिया, उल्टी, कफ- वायुविकार, मन्द अग्नि , कुष्ठरोग, बवासीर और जलन, पीलिया, नक्सीर आदि। पुखराज को गुलाव जल और केवडा- जल मे २५ दिन तक घोटकर, कज्जल की भाँति पीस लेवे और फिर इसको छाया मे सुखाकर रखले और सेवन करे । वैद्य लोग दवेत पुखराज की भस्म बनाते है । इसकी मात्रा चौथाई रत्ती से आधी रत्ती तक है ।

रत्नचिकित्सा- रत्न चिकित्सा में श्वेत पुखराज का प्रयोग किया जाता है । इसको प्रिज्म (त्रिकोण) कांच से देखने पर आसमानी रंग का दिखायी देता है। अल्कोहल में रखने पर श्वेत पुखराज हीरे के समान चमकता है । बहुत चमकीला, बेदाग और अच्छे सुडौल आकार का पुखराज प्राय नहीं मिलता, मिले तो उसके नकली होने का संदेह करना चाहिये और वैज्ञानिक विधियों से उसकी परीक्षा करके ही रत्न चिकित्सा में उसका प्रयोग करना चाहिये । रत्नचिकित्सा के एक लिये एक रत्ती ही काफी होता है ।श्वेत -पुखराज- गोलिया अथवा आसमानी गोलिया काम में लाते है। इन श्वेत पुखराज गोलियों द्वारा दूर हो जाने वाले रोग इस प्रकार है – पित्त प्रकोप तथा पित्तज्वर, खून बहुना, रक्तचाप (खून के दबाव की वृद्धि), गाँठ्युक्त प्लेग, जले-कटे के घाव, हैजा, कुत्ताखांसी, घाव, पेचिश या रक्त अतिसार, दानेंदार ज्वर, गलगंड, मसूढे आदि की सूजन, सिर दर्द, सूजी हुई आतें, मस्तिष्क प्रदाह, मिचली, दिल की घडकन, स्कार्लेट ज्वर आदि।

Topaz Gem therapy – White topaz is used in gem therapy. When viewed through a prism (triangle) glass, it appears sky blue. White Topaz shines like a diamond when kept in alcohol. Very bright, spotless, and well-shaped topaz is not often found, if found, it should be suspected to be fake and therefore should be used in gem therapy only after examining it with scientific methods. White- topaz or blue topaz are used. The diseases that can be cured by these White Topaz pills are as follows – biliousness and cholera, bleeding, blood pressure (increased blood pressure), lumpy plague, burn wounds, cholera, whooping cough, wounds, dysentery or bloody diarrhea. , Granular fever, goiter, swelling of gums, etc., headache, swollen gums, meningitis, nausea, heart palpitations, scarlet fever, etc.

देवी शक्ति चिकित्सा – पुखराज को रगड़ने अथवा तपानें पर वह विद्युत् की लहरे छोड़ता है। इस विशेषता के आधार पर प्रसूति के समय पुखराज को गरम करके गर्भिणी को देने का उल्लेख मिलता है । कहते है कि बिजली की लहरें गर्भिणी को प्रजनन में सहूलियत पहुँचाती है । विद्युत् गुण में केवल टूर्मोलीन ही पुखराज से ही बढकर होता है । ज्योतिष की दृष्टि से पुखराज गुरु ग्रह का प्रतिनिधि रत्न है। गुरु को पुष्ट करने के लिये नियमों के अनुसार इसके धारण का विधान है । जिन व्यक्तियों का जन्म सुर्य की धनुराशि में अथार्थ १५ दिसम्बर से १४ जनवरी तक हो उनका रत्न पुखराज है। सात या १२ कैरेट का पीला पुखराज, विशेष रूप से तीसरी अंगुली मे, सोने की अंगूठी मे जडवा कर धकरना चाहिये। रत्न का वजन ६, ११ श्रथवा १५ रत्ती तो कभी भी नही होना चाहिये। इसको धारण करने का मंत्र निम्नलिखित है –

ॐ बुहस्पते अति श्रदर्यो युमद्विभाति क्रतुमज्जनेषु।

यदीदयच्छवस ऋतू प्रजानां तदस्मासु द्रविण धेहि चित्रम्‌।।

पुखराज समृद्धि, स्वास्थ्य, दानशीलता, सांसारिक सुख दीर्घायुष्य आदि प्रदान करता है । ब्रिटिश सग्रहालय में रखी एक प्राचीन पुस्तक के अनुसार, पुखराज के धारण करने से रात को डर नहीं लगता, कायरता समाप्त हो जाती है, बुद्धि को तो यह बढाता ही है, साथ ही क्रोध को और पागलपन को भी शांत करता है। आकस्मिक मृत्यु की आशंका को दूर कर देता है।

Devi Shakti Chikitsa (Feminine dynamic energy treatment) – Topaz releases waves of electricity when it is rubbed or heated. Based on this characteristic, there is a mention of heating topaz and giving it to the pregnant woman at the time of delivery. It is said that electric waves make it easier for pregnant women to reproduce. Only Tourmaline surpasses Topaz in electrical properties. From the point of view of astrology, Topaz is the representative gem of the planet Jupiter. According to the rules, there is a tradition of wearing it to strengthen the Guru. The gemstone of people who are born in Sun’s Sagittarius i.e. from 15th December to 14th January is Topaz.7 or 12-carat yellow topaz should be worn in a gold ring, especially on the third finger. The weight of the gemstone should never be 6, 11, or 15 Ratti. The mantra to wear it is as follows –

ॐ बुहस्पते अति श्रदर्यो युमद्विभाति क्रतुमज्जनेषु।

यदीदयच्छवस ऋतू प्रजानां तदस्मासु द्रविण धेहि चित्रम्‌।।

Topaz provides prosperity, health, charity, worldly happiness, long life, etc. According to an ancient book kept in the British Museum, wearing Topaz does not cause fear at night, cowardice is eliminated, and it not only increases intelligence but also calms anger and madness. Removes the fear of sudden death.

Dosage and Usage of Pushpraga / Pukhraja / Pushpa (Topaz)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 111

आरभ्य गुन्जजा पादांशाद गुञ्जके एक प्रमितम परम् |

मृत मर्कटं युंज्जयात बल कालदया अपेक्षया ||

Quarter Ratti to one Ratti (31 to 125 mg) is the general dosage of Pukhraja Bhasma. However, the dosage must be finalized after thoroughly considering all the relevant factors that affect the dosage.

Anupana (Adjuvant / Vehicle) for Use of Pukhraja / Pushparaja / Puspa / Topaz

Honey, butter, or any other suitable medicine.

अनुपान- मधु, घृत |

Important Formulations of Pukhraja / Pushparaja/ Puspa/ Topaz

Nava Ratnaraja Mriganka Rasa
Mani Parpati
Ratna Bhagottara Rasa
Yaakuti Rasayana
Jvaahar Mohra Pishti
Pushapraga Pishti
Pushapa Raga Bhasma
Ekadasa Sarasa (Rasa Chandrika, Rasa Ratna Sammuchya)

Recent Research on Pukhraja / Pushparaja / Puspa / Topaz

Song, Z., Guo, Q., & Liao, L. (2022). Study on Gemological Characteristics and Inclusions of Yellow Topaz. Crystals, 12 (12), 1746. https:// doi. org/ 10. 3390/ cryst- 12121746
Hennebois, Ugo & Delaunay, Aurélien & Karampelas, Stefanos. (2022). Green-coated Topaz Coloured by Cobalt. The Journal of Gemmology. 38. 232- 233. 10. 15506/ JoG. 2022. 38. 3. 232.
Schmetzer, Karl. (2008). Surface treatment of gemstones, especially topaz – an update of recent patent literature. The Journal of Gemmology. 31. 10. 15506/ JoG. 2008. 31. 1. 7.
Zeug, Manuela & Nasdala, Lutz & Chanmuang, Chutimun & Hauzenberger, Christoph. (2022). Gem Topaz from the Schneckenstein Crag, Saxony, Germany: Mineralogical Characterization and Luminescence. Gems & Gemology. 58. 2- 17. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 58. 1. 2.
Aceto M, Calà E, Gulino F, Gullo F, Labate M, Agostino A, Picollo M. The Use of UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometry for a Fast, Preliminary Authentication of Gemstones. Molecules. 2022 Jul 23; 27 (15): 4716. doi: 10. 3390/ molecules- 27154716. PMID: 35897892; PMCID: PMC- 9330567.
Savrikar SS, Ravishankar B. Introduction to ‘Rasashaastra’ the Iatrochemistry of Ayurveda. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011; 8 (5 Suppl): 66- 82. doi: 10. 4314/ ajtcam. v8i5S. 1. Epub 2011 Jul 3. PMID: 22754059; PMCID: PMC 3252715.
Well, Asmita. (2004). COVER STORY Rasashastra: Treasure of knowledge and wisdom. Dr Asmita Wele. FRLHT’s Amruth.
Mol, Adriano & Martins-Filho, Luiz & Silva, Jose & Rocha, Ronilson. (2007). Efficiency parameters estimation in gemstone cut design using artificial neural networks. Computational Materials Science. 38. 727- 736. 10. 1016/ j. commatsci. 2006. 05. 012.
Agheem, Muhammad & Shah, Mohammad & Khan, Tahseenullah & Murata, Mamoru & Arif, M. & Dars, Humaira. (2013). Shigar Valley gemstones, their chemical composition, and origin, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 7. 3801- 3814. 10. 1007/ s12517- 013- 1045- 8.
Leithner, H.. (2008). Famous mineral localities: The Königskrone topaz mine, Schneckenstein, Saxony, Germany. Mineralogical Record. 39. 355- 367.
Kufer, Karl-Heinz & Maag, Volker & Schwientek, Jan. (2015). Maximal Material Yield in Gemstone Cutting. 10. 1007/ 978- 3- 662- 48258- 2_ 8.
Frindt, Stephen & Trumbull, R. & Romer, Rolf. (2004). Petrogenesis of the Gross Spitzkoppe topaz granite, central western Namibia: A geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotope study. Chemical Geology. 206. 43- 71. 10. 1016/ j. chem. 2004. 01. 015.
Zwaan, J.C. (Hanco) & Falster, Alexander & Simmons, William & Laurs, Brendan. (2018). Axinite- (Mg) from Parachinar, Pakistan. Journal of Gemmology. 36. 281- 283.
Grundmann, Guenter & Morteani, Giulio. (1998). Alexandrite, emerald, ruby, sapphire, and topaz in a biotite-phlogopite fels from Poona, Cue District, Western Australia. Australian Gemmologist ISSN 0004-9174. Australian Gemmologist (1998) 20. 159 – 167.
Olabanji, Simon & Ige, Akin & Mazzoli, Claudio & Ceccato, Daniele & Akintunde, J. & De Poli, Mario & Moschini, G. (2005). Accelerator-based analytical technique in the evaluation of some of Nigeria’s natural minerals: Fluorite, tourmaline, and topaz. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms – NUCL INSTRUM METH PHYS RES B. 240. 350- 355. 10. 1016/ j. nimb. 2005. 06. 162.
Prim, Justin. (2020). A Coloured Gemstone Buyer’s Guide to Cut Styles.
Silva, Victor & Ritt, Marcus & Carvalho, Joao & Brusso, Marcos & Silva, Juliano & Zanatta, Alexandre. (2012). A real-valued genetic algorithm for gemstone cutting. 38th Latin America Conference on Informatics, CLEI 2012 – Conference Proceedings. 1- 8. 10. 1109/ CLEI. 2012. 6427153.
Udawatte, Chandana & Fernando, P. R. K. (2017). Chemistry of irradiation treatment of gems.
Van der Wal, Sanne & de Haan, Esther. (2010). Rough Cut: Sustainability Issues in the Coloured Gemstone Industry. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10. 2139/ ssrn. 1557705.
Mcclure, Shane & Kane, Robert & Sturman, Nicholas. (2010). Gemstone Enhancement and Its Detection in the 2000s. Gems & Gemology. 46. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 46. 3. 218.
Breeding, Christopher & Shen, Andy & Eaton-Magaña, Sally & Rossman, George & Shigley, James & Gilbertson, AI. (2010). Developments in Gemstone Analysis Techniques and Instrumentation During the 2000s. Gems and Gemology. 46. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 46. 3. 241.
Jenkins, Amanda & Larsen, RA. (2004). Gemstone Identification Using Raman Spectroscopy. Spectroscopy -Springfield then Eugene then Duluth-. 19. 20- 25.
Agheem, Muhammad & Shah, Mohammad & Khan, Tahseenullah & Ahmed, I & Lagahri, Amanullah & Siddique, I. (2011). X-ray diffraction Studies of Gemstones from Shigar Valley, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan Region, Northern Areas of Pakistan. Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series). 43. 37- 42.
Long, Pham & Pardieu, Vincent & Gaston, Giuliani. (2013). Update on Gemstone Mining in Luc Yen, Vietnam. Gems & Gemology. 49. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 49. 4. 233.
Sahoo, Rakesh & Mohapatra, B. & Singh, Saroj & Mishra, Barada. (2014). Influence of Temperature on Surface Colouration of the Lead Oxide Treated Natural Gem Ruby. Advanced Science Letters. 20. 10. 1166/ asl. 2014. 5390.
Heyn, Rene & Rozendaal, A. & Du Plessis, Anton & Mouton, Carene. (2021). Characterization of Coloured Gemstones by X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography. Minerals. 11. 178. 10. 3390/ min 11020178.
Shigley, James. (2008). A review of current challenges for the identification of gemstones. Geologija. 50. 227- 236. 10. 2478/ v10056- 008- 0048- 8.
Dell’Aglio, Marcella & Rossi, Manuela & De Giacomo, Alessandro & Gaudiuso, Rosalba & Senesi, Giorgio & Pascale, Olga & Capitelli, Francesco & M.R., GHIARA. (2012). LIBS applied to gemstones: elemental quantitative analysis of kunzite, hiddenite, topaz, elbaite, and alexandrite.
Mishra, B.K. & Dhal, Biswabhusan & Singh, Saroj & Sahoo, Rakesh. (2018). Aesthetic improvement of transparent natural quartz by heat treatment at different temperatures. International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials. 7. 231. 10. 1504/ IJNBM. 2018. 10015469.
Morteani, Giulio & Bello, Rosa & Gandini, A.L. & Preinfalk, C. (2002). P, T, X conditions of crystallization of Imperial Topaz from Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais, Brazil): Fluid inclusions, oxygen isotope thermometry, and phase relations. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen. 82. 455- 466.
Soares, Robson & Sabioni, Antônio & Resck, Inês & Falcomer, Viviane & Dias, José & Silva, Naira & Menezes, Sonia & Costa, Geraldo. (2007). Structural characterization of mullites synthesized by thermal decomposition of topaz. Materials Research. 10. 75- 78. 10. 1590/ S1516- 14392007000100016.
He, Xue & Shen, Li & Wang, Haiyan & Wang, Wei. (2012). Characteristics of Colored Topaz through a New Surface Treatment. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 174- 177. 551- 560. 10. 4028/ www. scientific. net/ AMM. 174- 177. 551.
Abbasi, Shahab & Rafique Mir, Khawaja & Khan, Taj & Khan, Adnan & Ahmed, Nasar & Faruque, Mohammad Rashed & Khandaker, Mayeen & Ahmad, Pervaiz & Saboor, Abdul. (2021). Chemical Analysis of Thermoluminescent Colorless Topaz Crystal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. 10. 3390/ min- 11040367.
Bomfim, K & Souza, Divanizia. (2010). Applicability of Topaz Composites to Electron Dosimetry. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 249. 012057. 10. 1088/ 1742- 6596/ 249/ 1/ 012057.
Peters, Emmanuel & Aggrey, George. (2019). Evaluating the Topaz ERP System Effectiveness Using a System Integrative Approach. International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research. 8. 457- 466. 10. 7753/ IJCATR0812. 1004.
Struth, B & Hofmeister, W. & Smilgies, D.-M & Konovalov, O. (2003). Analysis of the cleaved topaz (001) surface. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 376. 639- 41. 10. 1007/ s00216- 003- 1981- 3.
Le, Nang. (2022). Star Topaz from Vietnam. Gems and Gemology. Spring 2022, Vol. 58. 125- 126.
Gauzzi, Teodoro & Graça, Leonardo. (2018). A cathodoluminescence-assisted LA-ICP-MS study of topaz from different geological settings. Brazilian Journal of Geology. 48. 161- 176. 10. 1590/ 2317-4889-m- 01820- 70127.
Hoover, Donald. (1982). The Thermal Properties of Gemstones and Their Application to Thermal Diamond Probes. The Journal of Gemmology. 18. 229- 239. 10. 15506/ JoG. 1982. 18. 3. 229.
Gauzzi, Teodoro & Graça, Leonardo & Lagoeiro, Leonardo & Mendes, Isolda & Queiroga, Gláucia. (2017). PREPUBLICATION: The fingerprint of imperial topaz from the Ouro Preto region (Minas Gerais state, Brazil) based on cathodoluminescence properties and chemical composition. Mineralogical Magazine. 82. 10. 1180/ minmag. 2017. 081. 078.
Liu, Y. & Qin, S. & Li, H.-J & Li, X.-D & Liu, J. (2008). In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction of natural topaz. He Jishu/Nuclear Techniques. 31. 497- 500.
Gaft, Michael & Nagli, Lev & Reisfeld, Renata & Panczer, G. & Brestel, Mordechai. (2003). Time-resolved luminescence of Cr3+ in topaz Al2SiO4 (OH, F)2. Journal of Luminescence. s 102– 103. 349– 356. 10. 1016/ S0022- 2313 (02) 00532- X.
Kaminskii, A & Lux, Oliver & Rhee, Hanjo & Eichler, Hans Joachim & Yoneda, Hikaru & Shirakawa, A & Ueda, Ken-ichi & Rückamp, Reinhard & Bohaty, Ladislav & Becker, Petra. (2013). Manifestations of nonlinear optical effects in a novel SRS-active crystal—natural topaz, Al2 (F1−x (OH)x) 2SiO4: many-phonon χ(3)-lasing, more than sesqui-octave Stokes and anti-Stokes multi-wavelength comb lasing, cascaded and cross-cascaded χ(3)↔ χ(3) Raman-induced interactions under single- and dual-wavelength picosecond collinear coherent pumping, THG and combined SRS-promoting phonon modes*. Laser Physics Letters. 10. 073001. 10. 1088/ 1612- 2011/ 10/ 7/ 073001.
Skvortsova, Vera & Mironova-Ulmane, Nina & Trinkler, Laima & Chikvaidze, George. (2013). Optical properties of natural topaz. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering. 49. 10. 1088/ 1757- 899X/ 49/ 1/ 012051.
Filosa, Raffaele & Elettivo, Giuseppe & Ferraro, Mario & Procopio, Salvatore & Nicolino, Antonella & Crocco, Maria & Beltrano, Joseph & Barberi, Riccardo & Formoso, Vincenzo & Guzzi, Rita & De Luca, Antonio & Agrosì, Giovanna & Tempesta, Gioacchino & Agostino, Raffaele. (2023). Nonlinear optical effects in natural topaz. Journal of Luminescence. 263. 120076. 10. 1016/ j. Jimin. 2023. 120076.
Marques, Carlos & Falc~, A & Ao, & Silva, R.C & Alves, E. (2002). Structural and optical characterization of topaz implanted with Fe and Co. 80. Jh. 6120. 10. 1016/ S0168- 583X (02) 00582- 7.
Bhandary, Rajeshkrishna & Sharma, Podila & Tharoor, Hema. (2018). Prediction of Mental Illness Using Indian Astrology: Cross-Sectional Findings from a Prospective Study. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 32. 555- 578. 10. 31275/ 2018/ 1260.
Kutlu, Yusuf & Calik, Ayten & Ulugergerli, Emin. (2022). The placebo effect of gemstones. Journal of Awareness. 7. 87- 95. 10. 26809/ joa. 7. 3. 01.
Schott, Stefanie & Rager, Helmut & Schuermann, Kay & Taran, Michail. (2003). Spectroscopic study of natural gem quality “Imperial”-Topazes from Ouro Preto, Brazil. European Journal of Mineralogy – EUROPEAN J MINERAL. 15. 701- 706. 10. 1127/ 0935- 1221/ 2003/ 0015- 0701.
Taran, Michail & Tarashchan, A. & Rager, H. & Schott, St & Schuermann, Kay & Iwanuch, Woldemar. (2003). Optical spectroscopy study of variously colored gem-quality topazes from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 30. 546- 555. 10. 1007/ s00269- 003- 0356- 9.
Kutlu, Yusuf & Calik, Ayten & Ulugergerli, Emin. (2022). The placebo effect of gemstones. Journal of Awareness. 7. 87- 95. 10. 26809/ joa. 7. 3. 01.
Kumari, Bharati & Singh, Shreebhagwan & Sinha, Umesh. (2022). Correlation of Ayurveda and Astrology on Health. AYUSHDHARA. 86- 89. 10. 47070/ ayushdhara. v9iSuppl1. 1007.
Bhawaan, B & Tatavarthy, Bhawaan. (2007). INTEGRATED CONCEPT OF MEDICAL ASTROLOGY AND AYURVEDA. The Journal of research and education in Indian medicine.
Saxena, Virendra. (2009). A guide for Astrology, gemstones, and rudraksha.
Bhattacharjee, Pijush. (2020). Scientific Astrological Prediction of Human Life. 12- 16.
McRitchie, Kenneth. (2018). The good science of astrology: Separating effects from artifacts. 4. 46- 52.
Bauer, Martin & Durant, John. (1997). Belief in Astrology: a social-psychological analysis. Culture and Cosmos. 1. 10. 46472/ CC. 0101. 0211.
Mauryan, R. L. (2023). IS ASTROLOGY A SCIENCE OR MYTH? 10. 13140/ RG. 2. 2. 34191. 56485.
Rajopadhye, Nagesh & Ghatpande, Prakash. (2022). Indian Astrology: A Reality Check.
Kasak, Enn. (2000). Ancient Astrology as a Common Root for Science and Pseudo-Science. Folklore (Tartu). 15. 10. 7592/ FEJF2000. 15. ancient.
Sikarwar, Ram Lakhan. (2020). THE SAGA OF INDIAN SACRED PLANTS. Sacred Plants of India
Aishwariya, Dr. (2019). A Review on Craftsmanship and Diversity in Indian Jewelry. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies.
Rao, Pundareekaksha. (2017). Insights on ancient medical chemistry.
Savrikar, Shriram & Ravishankar, Basavaiah. (2011). Introduction to ‘Rasashaastra’- The Iatrochemistry of Ayurveda. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines: AJTCAM / African Networks on Ethnomedicines. 8. 66- 82. 10. 4314/ ajtcam. v8i5S. 1.
Seraj, Snaa & monjur-e-khudha, Mohammad & Aporna, S.A. & Khan, Shamiul & Islam, Farukul & Jahan, Rownak & Mou, S.M. & Khatun, Z. & Rahmatullah, Mohammed. (2011). Use of gemstones for preventive and curative purposes: A survey among the traditional medicinal practitioners of the bede community of Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 5. 263- 269.
Kutlu, Yusuf & Calik, Ayten & Ulugergerli, Emin. (2022). A Quest for why gemstones are used for healing. Journal of Awareness. 7. 65- 72. 10. 26809/ joa. 7. 2. 02.
Dighe, Dattatray & Ratha, Kshirod & Panda, Purnendu & Rao, M. (2018). USED PATTERN OF METALS AND MINERALS IN ASHTANG HRIDAYA: THE BIRD EYE VIEW. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research.
Pandey, Shruti & Sharma, Vinamra & Chaudhary, Anand. (2016). Chelation therapy and chelating agents of Ayurveda. International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 10. 143 – 150.
Sharma, A. V. (1989). Gems and their medicinal values. Ancient science of life. 9. 26- 7.
Precisvalle N, Martucci A, Gigli L, Plaisier JR, Hansen TC, Nobre AG, Bonadiman C. F/OH ratio in a rare fluorine-poor blue topaz from Padre Paraíso (Minas Gerais, Brazil) to unravel topaz’s ambient of formation. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 29; 11 (1): 2666. doi: 10. 1038/ s41598- 021- 82045- 2. PMID: 33514793; PMCID: PMC- 7846733.
Murthy, S. R. N. (1991). Role of gems in Indian medicine. Ancient science of life. 10. 156-64.
Gilg, H. & Thomas, Rainer. (2011). The inside story of Topaz.
Sihombing, Edison & Prasuad, W. (2020). Safety Study of Topaz irradiation management at the core RSG-GAS Position. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1436. 012039. 10. 1088/ 1742- 6596/ 1436/ 1/ 012039.
Holuj, F. & Quick, S.. (2011). ESR spectrum of Fe+3 in topaz. II. Superhyperfine structure. Canadian Journal of Physics. 46. 1087- 1099. 10. 1139/ p68- 137.
Iqbal, Zahoor & Khan, Muhammad & Ihsanullah, Ihsan & Sadiq, Muhammad & Swabi, Khyber & Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. (2019). International Journal of Energetic Materials Value Addition of Quartz Gemstones through Gamma Irradiation. 5. 61- 67.
Dantas, Samuel & Valerio, Mario & COUTO DOS SANTOS, MARCOS & Souza, Divanizia. (2006). Photoinduced emission and thermoluminescence in topaz. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms – NUCL INSTRUM METH PHYS RES B. 250. 386- 389. 10. 1016/ j. nimb. 2006. 04. 143.
Cartier, Laurent & Ali, Saleem & Krzemnicki, Michael. (2018). Blockchain, Chain of Custody and Trace Elements: An Overview of Tracking and Traceability Opportunities in the Gem Industry. The Journal of Gemmology. 36. 212- 227. 10. 15506/ JoG. 2018. 36. 3. 212.
Ahmed, Shamshad. (2009). Value addition in diamonds and other gemstones by nuclear radiation: the phobias and safety considerations. Atoms for Peace: An International Journal. 2. 10. 1504/ AFP. 2009. 027872.
Shin, Sora & Seo, Jingyo & Park, Heeyul & Park, Jongwan. (2015). Spectroscopic characteristics of topaz: The impact of electron beam irradiation and heat treatment. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. 16. 89- 92.
Piilonen, Paula & Lykova, Inna & Poirier, Glenn & Rowe, Ralph & Shepherd, Kieran & Bainbridge, Michael & Barlow, Reni & Ly, Sovanny. (2023). The Mineralogy of the Gem-Bearing Miarolitic Pegmatites and Hydrothermal Veins At Phnom Bayong, Kirivong, Takeo Province, Cambodia. Rocks & Minerals. 98. 310- 327. 10. 1080/ 00357529. 2023. 2192165.
Marques, Carlos & Santos, Lucília & Falcão, A. & Silva, R.C & Alves, E. (2000). Luminescence studies in color centers produced in natural topaz. Journal of Luminescence – J LUMINESC. 87. 583- 585. 10. 1016/ S0022- 2313 (99) 00302- 6.
Balitsky, V. & Balitskaya, L. & Lu, Taijin & Shigley, J. (2002). Experimental study of the simultaneous dissolution and growth of quartz and topaz. Journal of Crystal Growth – J CRYST GROWTH. 237. 833- 836. 10. 1016/ S0022- 0248 (01) 02046- 2.
Fleurice, Parat & Bucher, Kurt. (2009). Topaz-fluorite granites from the Black Forest, Germany: Evolution of F-rich felsic magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement. 992.
Lin, Shu-Hong & Yang, Tsung-Ying & Huang, Kai-Yun & Chou, Yu-Shan. (2022). “Boomerang” Inclusion in a Rough Topaz. Gems and Gemology. 58. 232.
Bonventi, Waldemar & Isotani, Sadao & Albuquerque, Antonio. (2012). Color Dependence on Thickness in Topaz Crystal from Brazil. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics. 2012. 10. 1155/ 2012/ 873804.
Yookong, Athiyaya & Wongkokua, Wiwat. (2015). COLOR IN TOPAZ PRODUCED BY ELECTRON IRRADIATION.
Skvortsova, Vera & Mironova-Ulmane, Nina & Trinkler, Laima. (2015). Optical Properties of Irradiated Topaz Crystals. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 80. 10. 1088/ 1757- 899X/ 80/ 1/ 012008.
Rout, Prajna & Sahoo, Rakesh & Singh, Saroj & Mishra, Barada. (2016). Spectroscopic investigation and color change of natural topaz exposed to PbO and CrO3 vapor. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 88. 10. 1016/ j. vibspec. 2016. 10. 005.
Maneewong, A & Pangza, Karnwalee & Charoennam, T & Thamrongsiripak, N & Jangsawang, N. (2019). The Impact of Electron Beam Irradiation in Topaz Quality Enhancement. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1285. 012022. 10. 1088/ 1742-6596/ 1285/ 1/ 012022.
Greenidge, Darius. (2018). Investigations of color center phenomena in Topaz and Quartz through electron spin resonance concerning optical absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance: Implications for extended mineral applications. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 14. 142- 149. 10. 11113/ mjfas. v14n1- 2. 958.
Aigbe, S. & Ewa, I. & Ogunleye, P. & Oladipo, Mark. (2012). Elemental characterization of some Nigerian gemstones: Tourmaline, fluorite, and topaz by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 295. 10. 1007/ s10967- 012- 1954- 0.
Steinhauser, Georg & Sterba, Johannes & Hammer, Vera M.F.. (2013). Nuclear forensics of a colored gemstone: Evidence of proton bombardment of a blue topaz. Applied radiation and isotopes: including data, instrumentation, and methods for use in agriculture, industry, and medicine. 75C. 18- 21. 10. 1016/ j. apradiso. 2013. 01. 018.
Breiter, K. & Gardenová, N. & Vaculovic, Tomas. (2013). Topaz is an important host for Ge in granites and greisens. Mineralogical Magazine. 77. 10. 1180/ minmag. 2013. 077. 4. 01.
Nikbakht, Tahereh & Kakuee, Omidreza & Lamehi-Rachti, M. (2015). Study of the sonoluminescence behavior of the gemstones: Beryl (aquamarine variety), opal, and topaz. Journal of Luminescence. 171. 10. 1016/ j. jlumin. 2015. 11. 020.
Wasim, Mohammad & Zafar, W. & Arif, Miftah & Daud, Muhammad & Ahmad, A. (2011). Elemental analysis of topaz from northern areas of Pakistan and assessment of induced radioactivity level after neutron irradiation for color induction. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry – J RADIOANAL NUCL CHEM. 287. 821- 826. 10. 1007/ s10967- 010- 0879- 8.
Gabasch, Harald & Klauser, Frederik & Bertel, E. & Rauch, Thomas. (2008). Coloring of Topaz by Coating and Diffusion Processes: An X-ray Photoemission Study of What Happens Beneath the Surface. Gems & Gemology. 44. 148- 154. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 44. 2. 148.
Ishaque S, Saleem T, Qidwai W. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding gemstone therapeutics in a selected adult population in Pakistan. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009 Aug 26; 9: 32. doi: 10. 1186/ 1472- 6882- 9- 32. PMID: 19709426; PMCID: PMC- 2739841.

References

Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasaratna Samuchhaya of Vagbhatacharya, 4/8, Hindi translation, 3rd edition, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhawan, K 37/ 116, Gopal Mandir Lane, Varanasi – 221 001.
National Formulary of Unani Medicine. Part III. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine; 2001. 20 р.
National Formulary of Unani Medicine. Part I. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine; 2006. р. 46, 72, 78, 110, 231.
Dr. Harishankar Pathak, editor, ‘Jatak Parijat’ of Daivagya Vaidyanath, 2/21, Hindi translation, 1st edition, published by Chaukhamba Surabharati, Varanasi – 221001, 2012.
Khan A. Muheet-i-Azam. Vol 2. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine; 2013. p. 788- 90.
Hakim A. Bustanul Mufradat. New Delhi: Idara Kitabu Shifa; 2011. 112 p. Rafiquddin M. Kanzul Advia Mufrada. AMU, Aligarh: University Publication Unit; 1985. p. 389, 390
Harishankar Pathak, editor, ‘Faladipika’ of Mantreshwara, 2/29, 1st edition, Hindi translation, published by Chaukhamba Surabharati, Varanasi – 221001.
Dr. Vilas Dole, Dr. Parkasha Paranjpe, A textbook of Rasa Shastra, reprinted 2016, Chaukambha Sanskrit Pratishthana, Delhi.
National Formulary of Unani Medicine. Part V. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine; 2008.
Qarabadin Sarkari. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine.
Dr. Ravinder Angadi, A textbook of Rasa Shastra, Iatro- Chemistry and Ayurveda Pharmaceutics, First edition, Chaukambha Surbharti Parkashana, Varanasi.
P. Himsagara Chandra Murthy, Rasa- Shastra, the Mercurial system, Chaukambha Sanskrit series office, Varanasi.
Dr. Damodara Joshi, Rasa Amritam, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi.
Kalam MA, Rahman S. Lajward (Lapis lazuli): Medicinal Potential of a High-Value Gemstone in the Light of Unani Medicine, IPPR.Human. 2020; 20 (1): 389- 99.
Seraj S, Monjur-E-Khudha M, Aporna SA, Khan SH, Islam F, Jahan FI, Mou SM, Khatun Z, Rahmatullah M. Use of Gemstones for Preventive and Curative Purposes: a Survey among the Traditional Medicinal Practitioners of the Bede Community of Bangladesh. Am Eur I Sustain Agri. 2011; 5 (2): 263- 9.
Zwaan, J.C. (Hanco) & Falster, Alexander & Simmons, William & Laurs, Brendan. (2018). Axinite- (Mg) from Parachinar, Pakistan. Journal of Gemmology. 36. 281- 283.
Grundmann, Guenter & Morteani, Giulio. (1998). Alexandrite, emerald, ruby, sapphire, and topaz in a biotite-phlogopite fels from Poona, Cue District, Western Australia. Australian Gemmologist ISSN 0004-9174. Australian Gemmologist (1998) 20. 159 – 167.
Baitar I. Al- Jami Li- Mufradatul Advia waAl- Aghzia. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine; 2000. p. 348, 349.
Kabiruddin M. Makhzanul Mufradat. New Delhi: Idara Kitabus Shifa; 2014. p. 240, 241.
Ghani N. Khazainul Advia. New Delhi: Idara Kitabus Shifa; 2011. p. 765, 766.
Kabiruddin M. Bayaz-i-Kabir. 5thed. Vol. 2. New Delhi, India; Aijaz Publishing House; 1934. p. 426, 430, 452, 453.
Ashraf MH. Makhzanul Mufradat Ma Murakkabat wa Khwasul Advia. New Delhi: Aijaz Publishing House; 2011.
Nasir MAH. Mufradat Nasiri Mae Takmila. India: Qaisari Publication. YNM.
Anandan AR, Thulasimani. Siddha Materia Medica (Mineral and Animal Kingdom). Department of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Chennai; 1985.
National Formulary of Unani Medicine. Part VI. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 2011.
Qarabadin Majidi. Delhi: Alami Printing Press. YNM.

Dr. Sahil Gupta (B.A.M.S., M.H.A.)

Dr. Sahil Gupta completed his Bachelor of Ayurveda in Medicine and Surgery (B.A.M.S.) and Master’s Degree in Health Administration (MHA) India. He is Registered Ayurvedic Doctor & Vaidya in India having Registration No. 23780. He is the CEO and founder of IAFA. After completing BAMS, Dr. Sahil Gupta started practicing Ayruveda by giving prime importance to allergic disorders management. He became the first Ayurvedic doctor to cure Food Allergies through Ayurveda. Read More About Dr. Sahil Gupta.

See Our Editorial Process

Meet Our Health Experts

Was this Page Helpful?

Sphatik Stone (Quartz – Rock Crystal)
Know the Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits of Sphatik Stone, which is also…
Firoza Stone (Turquoise – Pairojaka)
Know the Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits of Firoza Stone, which is also…
Amber Stone (Trinkant Mani – Kaharwa)
Know the Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits of Amber Stone, which is also…

Topaz Stone (Pukhraj Stone – Yellow Sapphire)

On This Page

Introduction

Astrological View of Topaz

Reference of Pusparaga / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz)

Ratna indicated as per Astrological science to nullify the maleficent effect of various planets (Grahas) and to treat the Roga (disorders) related to that particular planet.

Diseases induced by maleficent effects of planets (Greha Roga) or diseases induced by Dushkarma (sinful deeds) done by the Rogi (patient) i.e Karma Vipaka Siddhanta

Rashi or Zodiac Sign that Can Wear a Topaz

Have A Health Issue?

Consult Online

Rashi or Zodiac Sign that Cannot wear a Topaz / Yellow Sapphire

Which Pusparaja / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz / Yellow Sapphire) is Best to Use in Astrology (Jyotish Shastra)?

Different Varieties of Topaz

Imperial Topaz

Colorless Topaz / White Topaz

Blue Topaz

Identification of Real Topaz

How to Wear Pusparaja / Pukhraja / Puspa (Topaz / Yellow Sapphire)?

When to Wear Pusparaja / Puspa / Pukhraja / Topaz?

Pusparaja / Topaz Merits and Demerits in Astrology

Synonyms of Pusparaja / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz)

Reference: Rasa Trangini 23/ 87

पुष्पराज: पुष्पराग: पित्त रक्त ह्वयास्तथा |

गुरु रत्नम पीतमणि: स एव गुरु वल्लभ: ||

Names of Pukhraja / Pusparaja / Topaz / Yellow Sapphire in Different Languages

History of Pusparaga / Puspa / Pukhraja (Topaz)

Characteristics of Pusparaga / Pusparaja / Pukhraja (Topaz)

Properties of Pukhraja:

Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Yoni (source) / Origination

According to Yukti Kalpa Taru

पतितास्तु हिमाद्रौ ही टवचस्तस्य सूरद्विष:।

पारदुभ्वंती ताभ्यस्तु पुष्परागा महागुण:।।

Grahaya Lakshana of Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz)

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 23- 24

पुष्प रागो गुरु: स्निग्ध: स्वच्छ: स्थूलम समो मृदु:। ।

कर्णिकाकार प्रसूनाभो मसृणश्च शुभो अष्टधा डष्टधा।।

Rasa Tarngini. 23/ 88- 89

स्निग्धं सम सुमसूण तु सुवर्णवर्ण स्वच्छ परम् सुविमल तु सुवृत्तगात्रम्‌।

यात कर्णिका कारशस्कुसुमप्रभमुज्जवल्लश्व जात्यं तदेव गदित॑ खलु पुष्पराजम्‌।।

निकषो पलं वर्ण पुष्णाति यन्निजम्‌। पुष्पराजन्तु तज्जात्यं मतं रत्नपरीक्षकै:।।

Agrahya Lakshna of Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz)

अग्राह्य लक्षण

Reference: Rasa ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 25

निष्प्रभं करकशं रुक्षं पीत श्यामं नतो नत्तम।

कपिशम कपिलम पाण्डु पुषपरागम परित्यज्येत।

Rasa Tarngini. 23/ 90

श्यामलं निष्प्रभं करकशं द्वय अक्ष्काम कृष्ण बिंदु अंकितम शर्करा अंग प्रभम।

उन्नतम त्वन्तं यच्च रुक्षं परम् पुष्पराजं मतम ततु हेयम बुद्धे।।

Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Aayu (Lifespan of Topaz)

Reference: Rasa Jala Niddhi. 3/ 4, Ratna Dhatu Vigyana

न जरां यान्ति रत्नानि मौक्तिकं विद्रुमं बिना।

Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Aayu after Dharana (Lifespan of Topaz after Assumption)

Occurrence or Places of availability of Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz)

How is Pushapraja / Puspa / Yellow Sapphire (Topaz) Formed?

Purification of Topaz (Shodhana of Puspa / Pukhraja / Pushparaja)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 91

कुलथ क्वथितो पतै: कांजीके: स्वेदितं समम्।

दोला यंत्रे पुष्पराजं यामै केन विशुध्यति।।

Reference: Rasa Ratna Samucchya. 4/ 61

पुषपरागं च संधाने: कुलत्थ क्वाथ संयुते।

Incineration of Topaz or Bhasmikarana / Marana of Pushapraga/ Pukhraja/ Puspa

First method of PukhrajaMarana

Reference: Rasa Ratna Samucchya. 4/ 66

लकुच द्राव समपिष्ते: शिला गंधक तालके: ।

वज्रम विंनया रत्नांनी म्रियते अष्ट पुट्टे: खलु।।

Pushapraga Vishesha Marana

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 92

माणिक्य मारणो द्विष्ट विद्धिभ्याम अतियत्नत:।

मारयेत पुष्पराजंतु रस तंत्र विच्चिक्षण:।।

Pushpraga / Topaz Pishti

Pushparagam / Pushpa / Topaz Properties: (Bhasma and Pishti)

Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 93- 94

पुषपराजंतु शिशिरं दीपनं पाचनं परम्।

कफ वात प्रशमनं कुष्ठ छर्दि निर्बहनाम।।

विषघ्नं दाह शमनं गुदज आमय नाशनम।

मेध्यं बृहनम आयुष्यं रसज्ञे: परिकीर्तितं।।

Reference: Rasa Ratna Sammuchya. 4/ 25

पुष्पराज विष छर्दि कफ वात अग्निमांद्य नुत।

दाह कुष्ठ अस्त्र शमनं दीपनं पाचनं लघु।।

ॐ बुहस्पते अति श्रदर्यो युमद्विभाति क्रतुमज्जनेषु।