Firoza Stone (Turquoise – Pairojaka)
Know the Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits of Firoza Stone, which is also known as Turquoise Stone, Pairojaka Stone and Haritashm Gemstone.
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ShareFiroza Stone (Turquoise – Pairojaka) – The Astrological and Ayurvedic Benefits
Introduction
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum, with the chemical formula CuAl6 (PO4)4 (ОН)8 4Н2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue. In recent times Turquoise, like most other opaque gems, has been devalued by the introduction of treatments, imitations, and synthetics onto the market. The substance has been known by many names, but the word ‘turquoise’, which dates to the 16th century, is derived from an Old French word for Turkish, because the mineral was first brought to Europe from Turkey, from the mines in historical Khorasan Province of Persia. Pliny the Elder referred to the mineral as Callais, the Iranians named it “pirouzeh” and the Aztecs knew it as ‘chalchihuitl’.Perojaka is distributed in various parts of the world, sky- sky-blue turquoise from Iran and a greener variety from Tibet are famous. Other localities include Chile, Australia, Mexico, Turkstan, England, and the USA. In Ayurvedic classical texts, two varieties of Perojaka are mentioned Bhasmanga and Harita and perojaka is mentioned to be used for detoxification of all types of toxins in the body.
फ़िरोज़ा एक अपारदर्शी, नीले से हरे रंग का खनिज है जो तांबे और एल्यूमीनियम का एक जलीय फॉस्फेट है, जिसका रासायनिक सूत्र CuAl6 (PO4)4 (ОН)8 4Н2O है। यह दुर्लभ और बेहतर ग्रेड में मूल्यवान है और इसकी अनूठी छटा के कारण हजारों वर्षों से इसे एक रत्न और सजावटी पत्थर के रूप में महत्व दिया गया है। हाल के दिनों में फ़िरोज़ा, अधिकांश अन्य अपारदर्शी रत्नों की तरह, बाजार में उपचार, नकल और सिंथेटिक्स की शुरूआत के कारण अवमूल्यन कर दिया गया है। इस पदार्थ को कई नामों से जाना जाता है, लेकिन ‘फ़िरोज़ा’ शब्द, जो 16वीं शताब्दी का है, तुर्की के लिए एक पुराने फ्रांसीसी शब्द से लिया गया है, क्योंकि खनिज पहली बार ऐतिहासिक खुरासान की खदानों से तुर्की से यूरोप लाया गया था। फारस प्रांत. प्लिनी द एल्डर ने खनिज को कैलाइस के रूप में संदर्भित किया, ईरानियों ने इसे “पिरोज़ेह” नाम दिया और एज़्टेक्स ने इसे ‘चलचिहुइटल’ के रूप में जाना।
Ayurvedic View of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
आयुर्वेदीय संहिताओं एवं ज्योतिषीय ग्रन्थ बृहत्संहिता में पिरोजा का उल्लेख नहीं मिलता है। आनन्दकन्द एवं आयुर्वेदप्रकाश में इस उपरत्न का विशेष वर्णन मिलता है। यह हरिताभ नीलवर्ण का अपारदर्शक पाषाण खनिज है। ताम्र के कारण इसमें नीलिमा एवं लौहे के कारण हरितवर्ण होता है। धूप और गर्मी से इसका वर्ण विकृत हो जाता यही। रस्यानिक दृष्टि से यह एल्युमिनियम, लौह एवं ताम्बे का फास्फेट होता है। ये हाइड्रोक्लोरिक अम्ल में घुलनशील होता है। इसे काटकर गोल अथवा लम्बा गोल आकर का बनाया जाता है इसे स्वर्णाभूषणों में जड़कर धारण किया जाता है। ये केतु ग्रह को प्रसन्न करता है। पिरोजा जल संयोजित एल्युमिनियम फॉस्फेट है। इसके सहयोगी खनिजों में लिमोनाइट प्रमुख है। इसके वर्ण के फीके हो जाने पर अमोनिया में डुबोकर ग्रीज लगाने से पुन: नीलाभ हरित मिश्रित वर्ण का हो जाता है। फिरोजा का रत्न ईरान से तुर्की होकर यूरोप में भेजा जाता था और टर्की में भी अत्यधिक मात्रा में पाया जाता था । इसलिए १६५२ ई. में श्रीटामस निकल्स ने सर्वप्रथम इसे तुर्की का पत्थर नामक संज्ञा दी थी |
There is no mention of turquoise in Ayurvedic classics and astrological text Brihat Samhita. A special description of this gemstone is found in Anandkand and Ayurveda Prakash. It is a greenish-blue opaque stone mineral. It has a blue color due to copper and a green color due to iron. Its color gets distorted due to sunlight and heat. From a chemical point of view, it is a phosphate of aluminum, iron, and copper. It is soluble in hydrochloric acid. It is cut into a round or long round shape and is worn by setting it in gold jewelry. This pleases planet Ketu (Ketu Greha). Turquoise is water-combined aluminum phosphate. Limonite is prominent among its associated minerals. When its color becomes dull, it becomes a blue-green mixed color again by dipping it in ammonia and applying grease. This pleases planet Ketu. Turquoise is water-combined aluminum phosphate. Limonite is prominent among its associated minerals. When its color becomes dull, it becomes a blue-green mixed color again by dipping it in ammonia and applying grease. The turquoise gemstone was sent to Europe from Iran via Turkey and was found in large quantities in Turkey also. Therefore, in 1652 AD, Sri Thomas Nichols first named it as Turkey’s Stone.
Astrological View of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
उपरत्न वर्ग के खनिजपाषाण में काठिन्य, चमक, पारदर्शकता रत्नो की अपेक्षा कम गुणवाले होते है। इनका मूल्य भी कम होता है। अतः इन्हें उपरत्न कहा जाता है। उपरत्नों की संख्या में मतभिन्नता है- आनन्दकन्दकार ने 9 उपरत्न माने है। जबकि आयुर्वेदप्रकाशकार ने 15 उपरत्न माने है। बृहद योगतरंगिणीकार ने 4 ही उपरत्न माने है। रसतरंगिणीकार ने छः उपरत्न माने है। आनन्दकन्दकार ने विमल, सस्यक, कान्त एवं तारकान्त को भी उपरत्न में शामिल कर दिया है। बृहत् योग तरंगिणीकार ने मुक्ता प्रवाल को भी उपरत्न वर्ग में मानकर और भी भ्र्म पैदा किया है। आयुर्वेद प्रकाशकार ने ५ प्रचलित उपरत्नो के अतिरिक्त १० नए उपरत्न को इस वर्ग में शामिल किया है परन्तु सबसे अधिक रस तरंगिणी का मत ही प्रचलित है।
Reference- आ. क. क्रि. व १/ १२
सूर्यकान्तश्चन्द्रकान्तस्तारकान्तस्तु कान्तक: ।
वैक्रान्तश्च नृपावर्तस्सस्यको विमला तथा।
Reference: आयुर्वेद प्रकाश ५/ ६- ८
वैक्रान्तः सूर्यकान्तश्च चन्द्रकान्तश्तथैवं च: ।
राजावर्तो लालसंज्ञ: पैरोजाख्यस्तथा अपर: ।।
मुक्ता शुक्तिस्तथा शेख: कर्पूरशमा अथ काचजा: ।
मणयो नीलपीताद्या हन्ये विषहराश्च ये।।
वह्यादिस्तम्भका ये च ते सर्वे हि परीक्षकै: ।
गणिता द्लुपरत्नेषु मणयो लोकविश्रुता: ।।
Reference: बृहत् योग तरंगिण ४३/ ८२
मुक्ता विद्रुम शंखाश्व राजावर्तस्तथैव च। उपरत्नानि चत्वारि कथितानि मनीषिभिः।।
Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 154
वैक्रान्त सूर्यकान्त चन्द्रकांतो नृपो पल |
पेरोजकञ्च स्फटिकम क्षुद्र रत्न गणो हव्यम।।
There are six Uparatna as per Rasa Trangini
- Vaikranta (Fluorite/ Tormaline)
- Suryakanta (Spinel) (Na, O, CaO, Al, 2SiO)
- Candrakant (Moonstone) (K, Si, O, Na, Al, Si)
- Raja-varta (Lapis Lazuli) (Na, Ca), (Al, SiO) (S, SO, Cl)
- Pairojaka (Turquoise)
- Sphatika (Rock crystal)
A few gems are also added to the list of Uparatna by NCISM and they mention a total 13 number of Upratnas. They are as follows:
- Vaikranta (Fluorite/ Tormaline)
- Suryakanta (Spinel) (Na, O, CaO, Al, 2SiO)
- Candrakant (Moonstone) (K, Si, O, Na, Al, Si)
- Raja-varta (Lapis Lazuli) (Na, Ca), (Al, SiO) (S, SO, Cl)
- Pairojaka (Turquoise)
- Sphatika (Rock crystal)
- Putika (Peridote)
- Trinkanta (Amber, Succinum)
- Rudhiram/ rudhir Putika (Carnelion)
- Palankam/ Palakam (Onyx, CaSO4, 2H2O)
- Vyomasma (Jade)
- Kosheyaashm
- Sougandhik
Upratna is Mentioned in Different Ayurvedic Literature
| Upratna name/ semi-precious stone | Aayurveda Parkasha | Aanand Kand | Brihat Yog Trangini | Rasa Trangini |
| Suryakanta | + | + | – | + |
| Chandrakant | + | + | – | + |
| Vaikrant | + | + | – | + |
| Rajavart | + | + | + | + |
| Perojak | + | + | – | + |
| Saphatik | – | – | – | + |
| Taarkaant | – | + | – | – |
| Kaant | – | + | – | – |
| Sasyak | – | + | – | – |
| Vimal | – | + | – | – |
| Laalmani | + | – | – | – |
| Mukta Shukti | + | – | – | – |
| Shankh | + | – | + | – |
| Karpurashma | + | – | – | – |
| Kaachmani | + | – | – | – |
| Neelmani | + | – | – | – |
| Peetmani | + | – | – | – |
| Vishhar Mani | + | – | – | – |
| Agni Stambhak Mani | + | – | – | – |
| Jal Stambhak Mani | + | – | + | – |
| Mukta | – | – | + | – |
| Parvala | – | – | + | – |
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Properties of Semi-Precious Stone (Upratna)
| Name | Chemical composition | Structure | Hardness | Specific Gravity | Refrective index | Double refraction |
| Fluorite (Vaikrant) | CaF2 | Cubic | 4 | 3.18 | 1.43 | None |
| Spinel (Suryakant) | MgAl2O4 | Cubic | 8 | 3.60 | 1.71- 1.73 | None |
| Moonstone (Chandrakant) | KAlSi3O8 | Monoclinic | 6 | 2.57 | 1.52- 1.53 | 0.005 |
| Lapis Lazuli (Rajavart) | (Na, Ca)8, (Al, Si12 O24 (SO4) Cl2 (OH)2 | Various | 5.5 | 2.80 | 1.50 | None |
| Turquoise (Perojaka) | Cu Al6 (PO4)4 (OH)8 5 H2O | Triclinic | 6 | 2.80 | 1.61- 1.65 | 0.004 |
| Rock Crystal (Sphatika) | SiO2 | Trigonal | 7 | 2.65 | 1.54- 1.55 | 0.009 |
| Jade (Vyomashma) | NA (AL, FE) Si2O6 | Monoclinic | 7 | 3.33 | 1.66- 1.68 | 0.012 |
| Onyx (Palanka) | SiO2 | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53- 1.54 | 0.004 |
| Carnelian (Rudhiram, Akeek) | SiO2 | Trigonal | 7 | 2.61 | 1.53- 1.54 | 0.004 |
| Peridot (Putika) | (Mg, Fe)2 SiO4 | Orthorhombic | 6.5 | 3.34 | 1.64- 1.69 | 0.036 |
| Amber (Trinkant) | C6 H16 O | Amorphous | 2.5 | 1.08 | 1.54- 1.55 | N/ A |
Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) Upratna (Semi-Precious Stone) Indicated as a Substitute for Precious Stone as per Astrological Science to Nullify the Maleficent Effect of Various Planets (Grahas) and to Treat the Roga (Disorders) Related to that Particular Planet.
Not everyone is affluent, and the affordability of precious stones remains beyond the means of many individuals. In light of this, semiprecious stones emerge as a viable and more accessible alternative. These gemstones, while not as costly as their precious counterparts, possess unique and appealing qualities. Embracing semiprecious stones allows a broader spectrum of people to enjoy the beauty and symbolism associated with gemstones without the financial strain associated with acquiring precious ones.
| Planet | Precious Gem Used | Substitute Semi-Precious Stone |
| Sun (Surya) | Manikya (Ruby) | – |
| Moon (Chandra) | Mukta (Pearl) | – |
| Mars (Mangala) | Vidruma (Coral) | – |
| Mercury (Buddha) | Markat (Emerald) | |
| Jupiter (Guru) | Pushapraga (Topaz) | Turquoise |
| Venus (Shukra) | Vajra (Diamond) | – |
| Saturn (Shani) | Neelam (Blue sapphire) | – |
| Rahu | Gomeda (Hessonite) | – |
| Ketu | Vaidurya (Cat’s eye stone) | – |
Diseases Induced by Maleficent Effects of Planets (Greha Roga) or Diseases Induced by Dushkarma (Sinful Deeds) Done by the Rogi (Patient) i.e Karma Vipaka Siddhanta
| Planet | Diseases Caused |
| Sun | Shoth (Inflammation in the body), Apsmar (Epilepsy), Paitikavikara, Jawara (Fever), Diseases of the eye, skin, and bone, rational fears, Bites from poisonous reptiles like snakes, weakening the digestive system, and constipation. |
| Moon | Sleep diseases such as Anidra (insomnia) or somnambulism (sleepwalking), Kaphaj Kasa, Atisara, Alsaya, Agnimandya (Loss of appetite), Aruchi (Disinterest in food), Kamala (Jaundice), Chitudvega, Grehani, Hydrophobia, Fear of animals with horns, Problems concerning women, Hallucinations |
| Mars | Trishna (Excessive thirst), Bilious disorders, Flatulence, Excessive fear of fire, Gulma, appendicitis, Kustha (Leprosy), eye disorder, Apsmar (Epilepsy), Rakta Vikara, Majja Vikar (Bone marrow diseases), Kandu (Itching), Ruksha Twaka (Rough skin). |
| Mercury | Lack of self-confidence, Gala Rog (Throat problems like goiter, etc.), Nasagata Rog (Nose Diseases), Vata- Kaphaj Roga, Cold and Cough, Flatulence, Poisoning. Twaka Dosha (Skin diseases), Vicharchika. Jaundice. |
| Jupiter | Gulma, Appendicitis, Karan Vedna (an ear disease), Sanyas.Frequent litigation, Problems with friends, parents, and relatives. |
| Venus | Pandu (Anaemia), Netra Roga (Disorders of the eye), Flatulence, Cough, Mutrakrich (Urinary disease), Prameha (Diabetes), Syphilis, Shukra-Vyapati (Low sperm count), Impotence, Dryness of Mouth, Constipation, Irrational fears. |
| Saturn | Flatulence, Cough, Pain in the legs, Excessive Fatigue, Illusion, Daha (Excessive heat in the body), Mental shocks, Personal calamities, and Accidents causing temporary or lasting wounds. |
| Rahu | Heart diseases such as an attack, Shotha (Inflammation), Kushtha (Leprosy), illusions, hallucinations, disease due to poisoning, excessive hurt, and wounds. |
| Ketu | Unknown mysterious diseases, cannot be easily found by doctors. |
Types of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) as per Astrology
Reference: Ayurved Parkash 5/ 148
पेरोजम हरिताश्म च भस्मांग हरितम द्विविधा |
Two varieties of Perojaka are mentioned:
- Bhasmanga (Ash colored)
- Harita (Green colored)
Types of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
There are several types of Phiroja/ perojaka, each distinguished from each other by its unique characteristics, color, and origin. Common types of Perojaka/ Peroja/ Perojam/ Haritasma/ Bhasmanga/ Harinmani (Turquoise/ Terchesins) are as follows:
Persian Turquoise: The Persian variety of Perojaka is the finest quality of turquoise and has a vivid blue color. This variety of Perojaka comes from mines in Iran (formerly Persia) and is highly valued for its minimal matrix and intense blue hue.
Sleeping Beauty Turquoise: The Sleeping Beauty Perojaka is distributed in Arizona, USA, and is famous for its bright robin’s egg blue color. This variety has a lack of matrix, and it is very popular in jewelry due to its clean, uniform appearance.
Kingman Turquoise: From the Kingman Mine in Arizona, USA., the Kingman variety is mined. This variety of Perojaka is widely used in Native America due to its prominent matrix pattern and different range of colors, including blue, green, and blue-green.
Chinese Turquoise: One of the significant producers of Perojaka is China which produces stones ranging from blue to green. The Perojaka that we get from China has intricate matrix patterns and is used to make traditional jewelry.
Bisbee Turquoise: The Bisbee Paeroja is mined in Bisbee, USA, Arizona, and is famous for its rich blue and green hues, which also include striking matrix patterns. This variety of Perojaka is rare but highly collectible due to the closure of the Bisbee Mine.
Mexican Turquoise: The major source of Peroja is Mexico, where mines produce Perojaka Upratna in various matrix patterns and colors. The Perojaka collected from Mexico has blues, greens, and even purple hues.
Tibetan Turquoise: The Perojaka which is famous for its deep blue color and intricate matrix patterns is found in Tibet and surrounding regions and used in traditional Tibetan jewelry and religious artifacts.
Synonyms of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
Reference: Rasa Trangini. 23/ 208
पेरोजकञ्च पेरोजम रसज्ञे: परिकीर्तितं।
भस्मांग हरितम चेति द्विविधं तत परिकीर्तितं।।
Perojaka and Peroja are the two words with which the mineral drug is identified. Its synonyms are Peroj, Perojaka, Haritashma, Harinmani and Visharti.
Names of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) in Different Languages
- Piroja, Peroja, Phiroja (Hindi)
- Perojaka, Haritasma, Perojam, Harinmani (Sanskrit)
- Peroj (Marathi)
- Piroja (Gujrati)
- Phirojaj (Pharsi)
- Turquoise (English)
- Terchesins (Latin)
Formation of the Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
The formation of Perojaka involves the interaction of copper-rich water with various types of rocks that evolved millions of years ago through a complex geological process. The process of formation of Perojaka is as follows:
Host Rock Formation: Where specific geological conditions are present in arid regions, Perojaka is formed. The rocks that are typically porous and permeable and allow groundwater to flow through them in such type of rock Perojaka formed.
Presence of Copper: For turquoise formation, the presence of copper in the rocks is crucial. Chalcopyrite or azurite, the rocks that contain copper minerals break down over time due to weathering and chemical reactions gradually to form Perojaka.
Hydrothermal Activity: The rocks become enriched with dissolved copper ions when groundwater percolates through porous and fractured rocks. This is the hydrothermal activity that is responsible for Perjaka formation due to the alteration of the host rocks and the deposition of copper minerals in cavities or fractures.
Reaction with Aluminum and Phosphorus: The formation of Perojaka occurs when copper-rich water that forms during hydrothermal activity interacts with aluminum and phosphorus minerals present in the host rocks. On the specific geological conditions, the exact chemical reactions occur which are complex and result in Perojaka formation.
Coloration: The presence of copper ions within its crystal structure is responsible for the vibrant green and blue color of the Peojaka, along with other elements such as manganese, and iron, which also contribute to the color variations observed in Perojaka.
Crystallization and Hardening: The Perojaka Upratna gradually forms within the fractures and cavities of the host rocks over time as the mineral deposition occurs in the rock during hydrothermal activity. The crystals eventually solidify, harden, and result in the formation of Perojaka deposits.
Mining and Extraction: The Perojaka is mined through various methods, like surface mining or underground mining once their deposits are identified. The extracted Perojaka Upratna is then processed and prepared for use in jewelry, and other applications.
Reference of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
History of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
आयुर्वेदीय संहिताओं एवं बृ० संहिता आदि ज्योतिष के ग्रन्थों में पेरोजका का कोई वर्णन नहीं मिलता है। किन्तु सम्भवत: १६वीं शताब्दी के बाद के ग्रन्थ आनन्दकन्द में पिरोजा का विस्तृत उल्लेख है। तत्सामयिक ग्रन्थ आयुर्वेदप्रकाश भी इस उपरत्न का विशेष वर्णन है। इन सबों के साथ ही यह भी कहना अनुचित होगा कि यह उपरत्न इस्लामी आक्रमण के बाद ही अपने देश में आया है।
There is no description of Perozka in the astrological texts like Ayurvedic Samhitas and Brihat Samhitas etc. But probably there is a detailed mention of Piroja/ Perojakain Anandkanda, a book written after the 16th century. The contemporary book Ayurveda Prakash also has a special description of this gemstone. Along with all this, it would also be unfair to say that this precious stone came to our country only after the Islamic invasion.
Characteristics of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
Even the finest of turquoise is fracturable, reaching a maximum hardness of just under 6 or slightly more than window glass. Characteristically a cryptocrystalline mineral, turquoise rarely forms single crystals and all of its properties are highly variable. Its crystal system is proven to be triclinic via X-ray diffraction testing. With lower hardness comes lower specific gravity (2.60- 2.90) and greater porosity: These properties are dependent on grain size. The luster of turquoise is typically waxy to subvitreous, and transparency is usually opaque but may be semi-translucent in thin sections. Color is as variable as the mineral’s other properties, ranging from white to a powder blue to a sky blue, and from a bluegreen to a yellowish green. The blue is attributed to idiochromatic copper while the green may be either the result of iron impurities (replacing aluminum) or dehydration.
The refractive index (as measured by sodium light, 589.3 nm) of turquoise is approximately 1.61 or 1.62; this is a mean value seen as a single reading on a gemological refract meter, owing to the almost invariably polycrystalline nature of turquoise. A reading of 1.61-1.65 (birefringence- 0.040, biaxial positive) has been taken from rare single crystals. An absorption spectrum may also be obtained with a hand-held spectroscope, revealing a line at 432 nanometers and a weak band at 460 nanometers (this is best seen with strong reflected light). Under long-wave ultraviolet light, turquoise may occasionally fluoresce green, yellow, or bright blue; it is inert under short-wave ultraviolet light and X-rays.
Turquoise is insoluble in all acids except heated hydrochloric acid. Its streak is a pale bluish white and its fracture is conchoidal, leaving a waxy luster. Despite its low hardness relative to other gems, turquoise takes a good polish.
Turquoise may also be peppered with flecks of pyrite or interspersed with dark, spidery limonite veining.
Composition- Cu Al6 (PO4) 4H2O
Crystallization- Triclinic, Pinnacoidal.
Habit- Usually massive, often in small veins or stringers.
Color- Shades of blue or green
Luster- Crystals are vitreous, massive varieties are waxy
Streak- White to very pale green.
Diaphaneity- Massive varieties are translucent to opaque. Crystals are transparent.
Cleavage- Crystals have two directions, perfect and massive, none
Fracture- small conchoidal to uneven.
Elasticity- brittle
Hardness- 5 to 6
Specific gravity- 2.6 to 2.9
Fusibility- infusible
This is soluble in Hydrochloric acid.
पिरोजा का रज स्थायी नहीं होता है। कुछ समय के बाद यह अनपेक्षित हरे रंग में बदलने लगता है। इस पर पसीना, अग्रि, सूर्यप्रकाश एवं अन्य प्रकार की उष्मा का बुरा प्रभाव शीघ्र पड़ता है और इसका रंग फीका पड़ने लगता है। यह खनिज रन्ध्रमय होता है अत: यह सहज ही मैला एवं चिकटा हो जाता है। रत्नविदों का कहना है कि इस तरह फीकी हुए पिरोजा को अमोनियाँ में डुबोकर ग्रीज़ लगाने से पुन: नीलाभ हरित मिश्रित वर्ण का सुन्दर हो जाता है। पिरोजा के रंग को सुन्दर बनाने के लिए कभी-कभी नीले घोलों में भी रंगा जाता है यह लवणाम्ल में घुलनशील है। इसे ताम्र तथा अल्यूमिनियम फास्फेट कहना अधिक उच्चित होगा।
पिरोजा गर्म हाइड्रोक्लोरिक एसिड को छोड़कर सभी एसिड में अघुलनशील है। इसकी लकीर हल्के नीले रंग की सफेद होती है और इसका फ्रैक्चर शंकुधारी होता है, जो मोम जैसी चमक छोड़ता है। अन्य रत्नों की तुलना में इसकी कम कठोरता के बावजूद, फ़िरोज़ा अच्छी पॉलिश लेता है। पिरोजा को पाइराइट के टुकड़ों के साथ मिलाया जा सकता है या गहरे, स्पाइडररी लिमोनाइट शिराओं के साथ मिलाया जा सकता है।
Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) Aayu (Lifespan of Turquoise)
Reference: Rasa Jala Niddhi. 3/ 4, Ratna Dhatu Vigyana
न जरां यान्ति रत्नानि मौक्तिकं विद्रुमं बिना।
Though the gemstones of mineral origin are eternal, the Exception is Mukta (pearl) which has a limited lifespan, and also Vidruma- coral. After a few years, it grows old and eventually loses its character, but other gemstones are eternal, but they also need to be maintained and revitalization of them is necessary to get maximum benefits.
आयु- कुछ समय पश्चात् काल प्रभाव से प्रवाल, मुक्ता खराब हो जाते है। किन्तु अन्य रत्नों पर काल का प्रभाव नहीं होता है।
Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) Aayu after Dharana (Lifespan of Turquoise after Assumption)
It is believed by scholars that the following gemstones have effectiveness Diamond life span is 10 years, Ruby/ Manik’s 12 years, Yellow Sapphire/ Pukhraj’s lifespan is 15 years, Blue Sapphire/ Neelam’s life span is 15 years, Emerald/ Panna’s life is 12 years, Coral, Hessonite Garnet and Cat’s Eye’s lifespan is 3 to 5 years, Natural Pearl life span is 12 years.
All the other Uparatnas and other semi-precious alternate gemstones are said to have a lifespan of 3 years.
Over some time, when gemstones i.e. precious and semi-precious stones are worn these gems start to get scratches on their surface, and even start losing their high polishing due to which sun rays stop passing through the gems (Ratna) When these precious gems are wear for a long period a greasy layer starts to deposit on their surface which is probably a mixture of lubricants, oils and other materials that a wearer come in contact with it. As the deposition starts to get thicker with time, it even blocks the rays (different wavelengths) that these stones receive from the planets to give effect. Although gemstones are forever yes, their effectiveness for astrological purposes falls and therefore proper and regular maintenance is important.
Therefore, we can consider the life span of semi-precious stone Perojaka/ Peroja/ Perojam/ Haritasma/ Bhasmanga/ Harinmani (Turquoise/ Terchesins) to be 3 years.
Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) Used for Different Zodiac Signs (Rashi)
Perojaka uses for different zodiac signs/ Rashi are as follows:
Sagittarius: Perojaka when worn by the individual with Sagittarius zodiac sign believed to resonate with the adventurous and optimistic nature and promote inner wisdom. It also enhances their sense of wanderlust on wearing.
Pisces: For the individual with Meena Rashi (Pisces zodiac sign), turquoise is believed to encourage spiritual growth, and maintain emotions, helping them navigate their intuitive tendencies.
Scorpio: Perojaka Upratna is said to empower Vrishchika Rashi individuals with its protective qualities and promote inner strength and resilience.
Occurrence or Places of Availability of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
This is found in Turkistan. This is called Turquoise because Sir Thomas Nicolas had first called it Turquey stone as he found it to be abundant in Turkey. In Sanskrit, Turkistan is known as Peroja Desa and hence the name Perojaka. It is also available in Persia, Sinai, and Arizona. The Khurasani Turquoise from Persia is considered the best.
यह तुर्किस्तान में पाया जाता है। इसे फ़िरोज़ा इसलिए कहा जाता है क्योंकि, सर थॉमस निकोलस ने इसे सबसे पहले टर्की पत्थर कहा था क्योंकि उन्होंने पाया था कि यह तुर्की में प्रचुर मात्रा में पाया जाता है। संस्कृत में, तुर्किस्तान को पेरोजा देसा के नाम से जाना जाता है और इसलिए इसका नाम पेरोजाका पड़ा। यह फारस, सिनाई, एरिज़ोना में भी उपलब्ध है। फारस का खुरासानी फ़िरोज़ा सर्वोत्तम माना जाता है।
Purification of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
The Shodhana (purification) method of Perojaka is similar to the method of the Shodhana of the Rajavart. Below are the methods of purification (Shodhana) of the Rajavart, using Perojaka instead of Rajavart to get Rajavart Bhasma.
Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 193
स गव्य मूत्र: स क्षारो निम्बुक द्रव योगत: ।
स्विनौ नृपोपलो यांम शुद्दिमायत्य उत्तमां।
The roughly pounded Rajavarta is tied in a Pottali hung in Dolayantra containing equal ratios of Gomutra, Nimbu Swarasa and Yavaksara as liquid media and subjected for 3 hours (one yama) of Swedana. Later the drug is washed, dried and stored in an airtight container as Suddha Rajavarta for further pharmaceutical use.
कुचले गए राजवर्त को दोला यंत्र में लटकाए गए पोटलि में बांधा जाता है, जिसमें तरल पदार्थ के रूप में गोमूत्र, निम्बू स्वरस और यवक्षार के बराबर अनुपात में लेते हैं और स्वेदन के लिए 3 घंटे (एक यम) रखते होते हैं। बाद में राजवर्त को धोया जाता है, सुखाया जाता है और आगे औषधीय उपयोग के लिए शुद्ध राजावार्त के रूप में एक एयरटाइट कंटेनर में संग्रहीत किया जाता है।
Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 194
निम्बुक अम्ल समायुक्त: स जल: क्षार संयुत:।
नृपोपल: परस्विनौ विशुध्यति न संशय।।
The roughly pounded Rajavarta is tied in a Pottali hung in Dolayantra containing equal ratios of Nimbu Swarasa, Yavaksara and water media and subjected for 3 hours (one Yama) of Swedana. Later the drug is washed, dried and stored in an airtight container as Shuddha Rajavarta for further pharmaceutical use.
मोटे तौर पर कुचले गए राजवर्त को दोलायंत्र में लटकाए गए पोट्टालि में बांधा जाता है, जिसमें निम्बू स्वरस, यवक्षार और जल को समान मात्रा में डालकर, बाद में स्वेदन के लिए 3 घंटे (एक यम) तक रखा जाता है। बाद में राजवर्त को धोया जाता है, सुखाया जाता है और औषधीय उपयोग के लिए शुद्ध राजावार्त के रूप में एक एयरटाइट कंटेनर में संग्रहीत किया जाता है।
Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 195
शिरीष पुष्प स्वरसे: स्वेदितस्तु नृपोपल: ।
दोला यंत्री याम मात्रम शुद्दिमायत्य उत्तमां।
The roughly pounded Rajavarta is tied in a Pottali hung in Dolayantra containing Sirisa Puspa Swarasa as liquid media and subjected for 3 hours (one yama) of Swedana. Later the drug is washed, dried, and stored in an airtight container as Suddha Rajavarta for further pharmaceutical use.
मोटे तौर पर कुचले गए राजवर्त को दोला यंत्र में लटकाए गए पोटालि में बांधा जाता है, जिसमें तरल मीडिया के रूप में शिरीष पुष्प स्वरस होता है और स्वेदन के लिए 3 घंटे (एक यम) रखा जाता है । बाद में औषध को धोया जाता है, सुखाया जाता है और आगे के फार्मास्युटिकल उपयोग के लिए शुद्ध राजावार्त के रूप में एक एयरटाइट कंटेनर में संग्रहीत किया जाता है।
Incineration (Marana) of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
The Marana (incineration) method of Perojaka is similar to the method of the Marana of the Rajavart. Below is the Marana of the Rajavart, use Perojaka instead of Rajavart to get Rajavart Bhasma.
Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 23/ 186
लुङ्गाम्बु गंध कोपेतो राजावर्तो विचूर्णित:।
पुटना सप्त वारेन रजवरतो मृतो भवेत।।
The required quantity of Shuddha Rajavarta is taken in a clean Khalva Yantra. It is added with an equal ratio of Shuddha Gandhaka and triturated to obtain a homogenous mixture. This mixture is added with the required quantity of Nimbu Swarasa, triturated thoroughly, and later dried under hot sun. The dry powder obtained is enclosed in Sarava Samputa and subjected to one Gajaputa. This entire procedure is repeated for times to obtain properly prepared Rajavarta Bhasma.
शुद्ध राजवर्त की आवश्यक मात्रा एक स्वच्छ खल्व यंत्र में ली जाती है। इसमें शुद्ध गंधक को समान अनुपात में मिलाया जाता है और एक समरूप मिश्रण प्राप्त करने के लिए इसे पीसा जाता है। इस मिश्रण में आवश्यक मात्रा में निम्बू स्वरस मिलाया जाता है, अच्छी तरह से मसला जाता है और बाद में तेज धूप में सुखाया जाता है। प्राप्त सूखा पाउडर सारावा संपुटा में संलग्न है और एक गजपुटा के अधीन होता है । उचित रूप से तैयार राजवर्त भस्म प्राप्त करने के लिए यह पूरी प्रक्रिया कई बार दोहराई जाती है।
Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins) Properties: (Bhasma / Incineration)
Reference: Rasa Tarangini. 199- 210
पेरोजक सु तुवरं मधुरं च सुदीपनं।
शूल दूषि विषघ्नञ्च चाराचर विषापहम।।
Perojaka Bhasma possesses Kashaya and Madhura Rasa. Its internal use improves the appetite and cures all types of Udara Shula. It nullifies the influence of all types of Sthavara and Jangama Visha (poison) over the body.
पेरोजका भस्म में कषाय और मधुर रस होता है। इसके आंतरिक उपयोग से भूख बढ़ती है और सभी प्रकार के उदार शूल ठीक हो जाते हैं। यह शरीर पर सभी प्रकार के स्थावर और जंगम विष (जहर) के प्रभाव को खत्म कर देता है।
Reference: Ayurved Parkash. 5/ 148- 149
पेरोजम सु कष्याम स्यान मधुरं दीपनं सरम।
स्थावरं जांगम चैव संयोग च अपि यद् विषम।
तत सर्वं नाश्येत शीघ्रम मुलभूत आदि दोषजं।।
Perojaka Bhasma possesses Kashaya and Madhura Rasa. It has Agni Deepana and Sara Guna. It nullifies the influence of Sthavara, Jangama and Samyoga (Kritrima) Visha and is a good laxative.
पेरोजका भस्म में कषाय और मधुर रस होता है। इसमें अग्नि दीपन और सारा गुण हैं। यह स्थावर, जंगम और समयोग (कृत्रिमा) विष के प्रभाव को ख़त्म करता है और एक अच्छा रेचक है।
Dosage and Usage of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
1/ 2 Ratti to 1 Ratti (62 to 125 mgs) is the general dosage of the Perojaka Bhasma. However, the dosage of the Perojaka Bhasma has to be finalized after thorough consideration of all the relevant factors that affect the dosage like Atura Bala, Vyadhi Bala, etc.
Anupana (Adjuvant / Vehicle) for Use of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
Honey, clarified butter, or any other suitable medicine.
अनुपान- मधु, घृत
Important Formulation of Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
Perojaka Bhasma
Recent Research on Pairojaka / Firoza / Perojam / Haritashm / Bhasmanga / Harinmani (Turquoise / Terchesins)
- Stubna, Jan & Andrasiova, Alzbeta. (2021). Turquoise from Armenia. The Journal of Gemmology. 37. 454- 456. 10. 15506/ JoG. 2021. 37. 5. 454.
- Blumentritt, Féodor & Fritsch, Emmanuel & Stephant, N. & Karampelas, Stefanos & Delaunay, Aurelien & Caplan, Candice & Notari, Franck. (2023). A New Reconstructed Turquoise Imitation Composed of Turquoise Powder with a PMMA (Acrylic) Binder. The Journal of Gemmology. 38. 443- 446. 10. 15506/ JoG. 2023. 38. 5. 443.
- Kumar, Vivek. (2016). STUDY ON TURQUOISE AND BRIGHT SKY-BLUE APPEARING FRESHWATER BODIES. International Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences. 6. 119- 128. 10. 5281/ zenodo. 801953.
- Stubna, Jan & Bacik, Peter & Fridrichová, Jana & Hanus, Radek. (2021). Turquoise from Mongolia. The Journal of Gemmology. 37. 456- 458. 10. 15506/ JoG. 2021. 37. 5. 456.
- Rossi, Manuela & Rizzi, Rosanna & Vergara, Alessandro & Capitelli, Francesco & Altomare, Angela & Bellatreccia, Fabio & Saviano, Michele & Ghiara, Rosaria. (2017). PREPUBLICATION: Compositional variation of turquoise group minerals from the historical collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples. Mineralogical Magazine. 81. 10. 1180/ minmag. 2017. 081. 055.
- Soleimani Rad, Zahra & Tondkar, Shirin & Mousavipak, Niloofar & Masoudi, Fariborz. (2019). Petrography, Gemology, and Raman Spectra Analysis of Turquoise Gemstone from Miduk Mine.
- Huang, Liying & Chen, Quan-Li & Li, Yan & Yin, Zuowei & Xu, Fengshun & Gao, Xinxin & Du, Yang. (2023). Composition and Spectral Characteristics of Porcelain-Treated Turquoise. Gems & Gemology. 58. 438- 457. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 58. 4. 438.
- Chen, Quan-Li & al, Su & Wang, Qian-xiang & Liu, Xian- yu & Ding, Xin-rong & Yin, Zuo- wei. (2016). The Gemological Characteristics of One Kind Turquoise Imitation. Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi Guang pu. 36. 2629-33. 10. 3964/ j. issn. 1000- 0593 (2016) 08- 2629- 05.
- Sabbaghi, Hamid. (2018). A combinative technique to recognize and discriminate turquoise stone. Vibrational Spectroscopy. 99. 10. 1016/ j. vibspec. 2018. 09. 002.
- Krzemnicki, Michael & Herzog, Franz & Zhou, Wei. (2011). A Historic Turquoise Jewelry Set Containing Fossilized Dentine (Odontolite) and Glass. Gems and Gemology. 47. 296- 301. 10. 5741/ GEMS. 47. 4. 296.
- Ovissi, Masoud & Yazdi, Mohammad & Ghorbani, Mansour. (2017). Turquoise; is a gemstone that relates Geology to Archaeology and Anthropology. The first symposium on turquoise: industry and culture.
- Nikbakht, Tahereh & Kakuee, Omidreza & Lamehi-Rachti, M. (2017). An efficient sonoluminescence analysis of turquoise gemstone as a weakly luminescent mineral. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 179. 10. 1016/ j. saa. 2017. 02. 038.
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- Mousavipak, Niloofar & Panczer, Gerard. (2018). Analysis of Iranian turquoise color alteration based on absorption and Raman studies. Turquoise CuAl6 (PO4) 4- (OH) 8. 4H2O has been mined for more than 4000 years in Iran. Neyshabour Fyrouzeh Mine is one of the oldest ones and known the occurrence one of the best gem-quality turquoise in the world. There are several turquoise mines in Iran and for this study, we chose 3 major mines: Neyshabour(Khorasan province), Baghoo (Kerman province), and Chah Firoozeh (Damghan area) turquoise mines. The blue color in turquoise is due to Cu2+ but could be strongly modified by other substituted elements such as Fe2+, Zn2+, and especially Fe3+. In this study, we analyzed this variation by optical absorption as well as by Raman methods and compared different colors of turquoise from the blue (B) to the green (G) range of these three mines. The turquoises used in this study have low to excellent qualities.
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